The nurse is teaching a nursing student about respiratory distress syndrome. Which statement by the student nurse demonstrates understanding?
Respiratory distress, syndrome occurs in babies with frequent colds.
Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in premature and low-birth-weight babies.
Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies with genetic allergies.
Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies stressed during the pregnancy.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies with frequent colds. This statement is inaccurate; respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is not associated with frequent colds.
B. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in premature and low-birth-weight babies. This statement accurately describes RDS, as it is primarily seen in premature infants due to insufficient surfactant production.
C. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies with genetic allergies. RDS is not directly related to genetic allergies; it is a condition primarily linked to prematurity and lung maturity.
D. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies stressed during the pregnancy. While stress during pregnancy can affect outcomes, RDS is specifically associated with lung development in premature infants rather than stress alone.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. BUN 45 mg/dL and creatinine 8 mg/dL: These levels indicate significant kidney impairment; elevated BUN and creatinine levels are typical in chronic kidney disease.
B. BUN 8 mg/dL and creatinine 0.7 mg/dL: These values are within normal limits and suggest good kidney function, not indicative of chronic kidney disease.
C. BUN 10 mg/dL and creatinine 0.3 mg/dL: These values are much lower than expected in chronic kidney disease, indicating normal renal function.
D. BUN 23 mg/dL and creatinine 1.0 mg/dL: While these levels show mild elevation, they do not reflect the more severe impairment typically seen in chronic kidney disease.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Digoxin: Digoxin requires caution with elevated potassium levels, as hyperkalemia can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. A potassium level of 5.3 mEq/L is borderline high, so it should be used cautiously.
B. Lisinopril: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can also increase potassium levels. It may not be the best choice for this client due to the elevated potassium.
C. Potassium iodide: Potassium iodide would further increase the client's potassium level and is contraindicated.
D. Furosemide: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can help to lower serum potassium levels by promoting potassium excretion. Therefore, it is appropriate for this client with an elevated potassium level.