The nurse is teaching a nursing student about respiratory distress syndrome. Which statement by the student nurse demonstrates understanding?
Respiratory distress, syndrome occurs in babies with frequent colds.
Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in premature and low-birth-weight babies.
Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies with genetic allergies.
Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies stressed during the pregnancy.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies with frequent colds. This statement is inaccurate; respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is not associated with frequent colds.
B. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in premature and low-birth-weight babies. This statement accurately describes RDS, as it is primarily seen in premature infants due to insufficient surfactant production.
C. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies with genetic allergies. RDS is not directly related to genetic allergies; it is a condition primarily linked to prematurity and lung maturity.
D. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs in babies stressed during the pregnancy. While stress during pregnancy can affect outcomes, RDS is specifically associated with lung development in premature infants rather than stress alone.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Perform passive range of motion exercises. Passive range of motion exercises help maintain circulation and reduce venous stasis, which is crucial for preventing pulmonary embolism in clients who are immobile.
B. Place pillows under the client's knees when in bed. Placing pillows under the knees can actually promote venous stasis and increase the risk of a pulmonary embolism. It is better to keep the legs flat to encourage circulation.
C. Assess legs for redness. Regular assessment of the legs for redness, swelling, or warmth helps in the early detection of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to pulmonary embolism if not addressed.
D. Apply elastic compression stockings. Elastic compression stockings promote venous return from the legs to the heart and help prevent DVT, thereby reducing the risk of pulmonary embolism.
E. Massage the calves every shift. Massaging the calves can dislodge a thrombus and potentially lead to a pulmonary embolism. Instead, interventions should focus on preventing thrombus formation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for UTIs due to elevated glucose levels in the urine, which provides an environment conducive to bacterial growth.
B. Anemia: Anemia does not directly increase the risk of UTIs. UTIs are more related to factors affecting the urinary tract and immune function rather than blood cell count.
C. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis does not increase susceptibility to UTIs, as it primarily affects bone density and strength.
D. COPD: COPD is a lung condition and does not have a direct connection to an increased risk for UTIs.