The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a female patient and notes a hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/100 mL (12-16) and a hematocrit level of 21% (37% -47%). These levels are found in patients with which condition?
Thyroid disease
Anemia
Acute bronchitis
Hemochromatosis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Thyroid disease: While some thyroid diseases may indirectly contribute to anemia, thyroid disease itself does not directly cause low hemoglobin and hematocrit.
B. Anemia: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels indicate anemia, which can be caused by various factors, including blood loss, iron deficiency, or chronic disease.
C. Acute bronchitis: Acute bronchitis typically affects respiratory function and does not directly cause a decrease in hemoglobin or hematocrit.
D. Hemochromatosis: Hemochromatosis is characterized by excess iron in the body, often resulting in elevated rather than decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Have the child eat a high-protein diet. There is no specific requirement for a high-protein diet to manage sickle cell disease. Hydration is more critical in crisis prevention.
B. Monitor the child's temperature twice per day. While monitoring for infection is essential, this is not the most important discharge instruction to prevent crises.
C. Restrict outdoor play activity. While strenuous exercise should be avoided, activity restriction is unnecessary as long as the child stays hydrated and avoids extreme conditions.
D. Encourage the child to increase his fluid intake. Increased fluid intake helps prevent sickling by reducing blood viscosity, which is essential in preventing future crises.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Two areas of lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm: This describes stage III Hodgkin disease, where lymph node involvement occurs both above and below the diaphragm, but not necessarily in multiple organs.
B. Two or more areas on the same side of the diaphragm: This corresponds to stage II Hodgkin disease, which is limited to two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm.
C. Localized in the cervical neck area only: Stage I Hodgkin disease typically involves a single lymph node region, often the cervical nodes, without generalized or extensive spread.
D. Generalized throughout the body within multiple organs: In stage IV Hodgkin disease, the cancer has spread beyond the lymph nodes to other organs and tissues, leading to generalized lymphadenopathy and potential organ involvement.