The nurse is providing home care instructions to a client with hepatitis. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?
Share personal items like razors and toothbrushes.
Drink alcohol in moderation to avoid liver strain.
Wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom.
Avoid all physical activities to conserve energy
The Correct Answer is C
A. Share personal items like razors and toothbrushes. Sharing personal items that may come in contact with blood or body fluids, like razors and toothbrushes, increases the risk of spreading hepatitis, so clients should avoid sharing these items.
B. Drink alcohol in moderation to avoid liver strain. Clients with hepatitis should avoid alcohol entirely, as alcohol can worsen liver inflammation and damage, which would strain the liver further.
C. Wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom. Hand hygiene is crucial, especially for hepatitis A, which can spread through fecal-oral transmission. Washing hands can prevent the spread of the virus to others.
D. Avoid all physical activities to conserve energy. Although clients may need to rest, they do not need to avoid all physical activity. Light, tolerated activity can help maintain strength and prevent complications from immobility.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Keep the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) until the T-tube is removed. Patients are generally kept NPO initially but may resume clear liquids and progress to a regular diet based on tolerance; NPO status is not required until the T-tube is removed.
B. Monitor the tube drainage and document the amount and color. Monitoring and documenting drainage from the T-tube is crucial to assess biliary function and ensure that the bile is draining properly, indicating no obstruction.
C. Ensure the tube is clamped for 8 hours each day. Clamping may be done before tube removal to test the body’s tolerance to bile drainage, but it should be done only as per physician orders, not routinely for 8 hours each day.
D. Flush the T-tube with normal saline every 4 hours. Flushing a T-tube is generally not done routinely as it could disrupt the flow of bile and cause complications.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Use written communication or visual aids to supplement verbal instructions. Written communication and visual aids are effective ways to enhance understanding and provide clear instructions to a patient with hearing loss.
B. Speak loudly and directly into the patient's ear. Speaking loudly can distort sounds and may make it harder for the patient to understand. Instead, clear and slow speech with normal volume is recommended.
C. Turn off all background noise and speak to the patient from behind. While reducing background noise is beneficial, speaking from behind is ineffective as the patient cannot see the nurse’s facial expressions or read lips.
D. Assume the patient can read lips and avoid using sign language or gestures. Assuming the patient can read lips is not appropriate; gestures or other visual aids should be used to enhance communication.