The nurse is providing education to a client who is newly diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Which client statements indicate the need for additional teaching? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
“I may experience urinary incontinence.”
“I should not exercise because this may trigger an exacerbation.”
“I need to check the water temperature before I take a bath.”
“I may experience visual disturbances.”
“I should alternate the eye patch every other day to help with the double vision.”
Correct Answer : B,E
Choice A reason:
“I may experience urinary incontinence.” This statement is correct. Urinary incontinence is a common symptom of MS due to the disease’s impact on the nervous system. The client does not need additional teaching regarding this statement.
Choice B reason:
“I should not exercise because this may trigger an exacerbation.” This statement indicates a need for additional teaching. Regular exercise is beneficial for individuals with MS and can help improve strength, mobility, and overall well-being. The nurse should educate the client on safe and appropriate exercise routines.
Choice C reason:
“I need to check the water temperature before I take a bath.” This statement is correct. Clients with MS may have impaired sensation and are at risk for burns if the water is too hot. Checking the water temperature is a necessary precaution.
Choice D reason:
“I may experience visual disturbances.” This statement is correct. Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or double vision, are common symptoms of MS. The client does not need additional teaching regarding this statement.
Choice E reason:
“I should alternate the eye patch every other day to help with the double vision.” This statement indicates a need for additional teaching. While using an eye patch can help manage double vision, it should be alternated more frequently, typically every few hours, to prevent strain on the covered eye.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Placing the client on a low-protein, low-calorie diet is not appropriate for managing bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. While dietary adjustments may be necessary for overall health, they do not directly address the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s. In fact, protein intake needs to be managed carefully to avoid interference with medication absorption, but a low-calorie diet is not typically recommended.
Choice B reason:
Teaching the client to walk more quickly when ambulating is not advisable for someone with bradykinesia. Parkinson’s disease often causes difficulty with movement initiation and control, and encouraging faster walking could increase the risk of falls. Instead, strategies to improve gait and balance, such as physical therapy, are more appropriate.
Choice C reason:
Completing passive range-of-motion exercises daily can be beneficial for maintaining joint flexibility and preventing stiffness. However, this action alone does not specifically address bradykinesia, which is characterized by slowness of movement. Active exercises and physical therapy are more effective in managing bradykinesia.
Choice D reason:
Giving the patient extra time to perform activities is crucial for managing bradykinesia. Clients with Parkinson’s disease often need more time to complete tasks due to the slowness of movement. Allowing extra time helps reduce frustration and promotes independence, making it an essential part of care.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Encouraging clients to make decisions without considering their cultural or social background is not aligned with the principles of client-centered care. Understanding and respecting clients’ cultural and social backgrounds are essential for providing holistic and effective care.
Choice B reason:
Ensuring that care plans are tailored to the individual needs and preferences of clients within their community is the cornerstone of client-centered, community-based care. This approach recognizes the unique circumstances of each client and aims to provide personalized care that meets their specific needs and preferences.
Choice C reason:
Focusing primarily on the medical treatment of diseases within a hospital setting is not consistent with community-based care. Community-based care emphasizes providing healthcare services in the community, addressing social determinants of health, and promoting overall well-being outside of hospital settings.
Choice D reason:
Prioritizing the efficiency of healthcare delivery over patient satisfaction and outcomes is contrary to the principles of client-centered care. While efficiency is important, the primary focus should be on achieving positive health outcomes and ensuring patient satisfaction.