The nurse is providing anticipatory teaching to parents about pubescent changes in school-aged and young adolescent girls. Which of the following changes should the nurse include in the teaching?
Vocal changes
Decreased height
Breast development
Menarche
Increased axillary hair
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Vocal changes are more pronounced in boys during puberty; girls typically do not experience significant vocal changes.
B. Height does not decrease; instead, girls experience a growth spurt during puberty before reaching their adult height.
C. Breast development is one of the first signs of puberty in girls, typically occurring between ages 8 and 13.
D. Menarche, the first menstrual period, usually occurs later in puberty and is an important milestone indicating the onset of reproductive capability.
E. Increased axillary hair growth is also a common change that occurs during puberty as hormone levels rise.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Using a booster seat until the child reaches the appropriate height for a seatbelt is correct and aligns with safety guidelines for child passengers.
B. Allowing a child to ride in the front seat while still using a booster seat is unsafe; children should remain in the back seat until they are at least 13 years old.
C. Ensuring that the child wears a helmet while riding a bicycle is an important safety measure and demonstrates understanding of injury prevention.
D. Teaching the child to avoid running into the street without looking shows awareness of pedestrian safety and the need for supervision and education about traffic safety.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The meningococcal (MCV4) vaccine is typically recommended for preteens and adolescents, usually starting at age 11.
B. The hepatitis B vaccine is typically administered at birth, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months, so a 4-year-old may already have received this vaccine.
C. The varicella (VAR) vaccine is recommended for children at ages 12-15 months and again at 4-6 years, making it appropriate for a 4-year-old child.
D. The Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) vaccine is usually given to children in a series before 5 years of age, but it is more commonly completed by age 2-3 years. The 4-year-old may already be up to date with this vaccine.