The nurse is providing anticipatory teaching to parents about pubescent changes in school-aged and young adolescent girls. Which of the following changes should the nurse include in the teaching?
Vocal changes
Decreased height
Breast development
Menarche
Increased axillary hair
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Vocal changes are more pronounced in boys during puberty; girls typically do not experience significant vocal changes.
B. Height does not decrease; instead, girls experience a growth spurt during puberty before reaching their adult height.
C. Breast development is one of the first signs of puberty in girls, typically occurring between ages 8 and 13.
D. Menarche, the first menstrual period, usually occurs later in puberty and is an important milestone indicating the onset of reproductive capability.
E. Increased axillary hair growth is also a common change that occurs during puberty as hormone levels rise.
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Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
A. The child should avoid tub baths or submerging in water for several days post-procedure to reduce the risk of infection and keep the catheter site dry; sponge baths are usually recommended.
B. Keeping the child home for an entire week may be excessive; the duration of home care typically depends on the child's recovery, and many children can return to school sooner if they feel well.
C. Offering clear liquids for the first 24 hours helps ensure the child stays hydrated and allows for easier digestion following anesthesia or sedation.
D. Giving acetaminophen for discomfort is appropriate, as it can help manage any pain or discomfort the child may experience after the procedure, and is usually a recommended practice.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Distributive shock, particularly in the context of anaphylaxis, is characterized by widespread vasodilation that leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and impaired blood flow to organs despite normal or increased cardiac output.
B. This option is incorrect because distributive shock involves decreased systemic vascular resistance due to vasodilation rather than an increase.
C. This statement describes hypovolemic shock, not distributive shock. Distributive shock is not primarily caused by the loss of blood volume.
D. While loss of myocardial contractility can lead to cardiogenic shock, it is not the mechanism behind distributive shock, which is related to vascular tone rather than heart function.