The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client experiencing atrial fibrillation. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would the nurse assess to reduce the incidence of toxicity with digoxin (Lanoxin)?
hypocalcemia
hypokalemia
hyperkalemia
hypernatremia
The Correct Answer is B
A. Hypocalcemia is not directly linked to digoxin toxicity; rather, it is more associated with calcium channel blockers.
B. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, as low potassium levels can enhance the effects of digoxin on the heart.
C. Hyperkalemia is not directly associated with toxicity; however, it can cause complications in patients taking digoxin.
D. Hypernatremia does not have a direct impact on digoxin toxicity; monitoring potassium levels is more critical.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Calcium channel blockers primarily decrease heart rate and contractility, not increase them.
B. While they can indirectly improve oxygen supply by reducing myocardial oxygen demand, they do not directly increase systemic oxygen.
C. This option accurately describes the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers, which decrease heart contractility and conduction through the AV node, helping to manage dysrhythmias.
D. Calcium channel blockers do not act on beta cells; they specifically inhibit calcium influx into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hypokalemia is not a common side effect of alteplase; instead, it may result from other factors.
B. Internal bleeding is a significant risk associated with thrombolytics like alteplase, as they promote the breakdown of clots but can also affect hemostasis.
C. Pancytopenia is not directly associated with alteplase use; it may occur with other medications or conditions.
D. Hypertension is not a common side effect of alteplase; instead, blood pressure may fluctuate but is not typically increased as a direct result of the medication.