The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client experiencing atrial fibrillation. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would the nurse assess to reduce the incidence of toxicity with digoxin (Lanoxin)?
hypocalcemia
hypokalemia
hyperkalemia
hypernatremia
The Correct Answer is B
A. Hypocalcemia is not directly linked to digoxin toxicity; rather, it is more associated with calcium channel blockers.
B. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, as low potassium levels can enhance the effects of digoxin on the heart.
C. Hyperkalemia is not directly associated with toxicity; however, it can cause complications in patients taking digoxin.
D. Hypernatremia does not have a direct impact on digoxin toxicity; monitoring potassium levels is more critical.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Calcium channel blockers are not typically used to manage flushing associated with niacin.
B. NSAIDs can help with flushing symptoms; however, beta blockers are more commonly used for this purpose.
C. Beta blockers, such as propranolol, are effective in preventing flushing associated with niacin therapy by blocking the vasodilatory effects.
D. Fibric acid derivatives are used to lower triglycerides and cholesterol but do not address flushing caused by niacin.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","F"]
Explanation
A. Rebound hypotension can occur with the abrupt withdrawal of beta-blockers like esmolol, so clients should be advised against suddenly stopping the medication.
B. Vomiting is not a typical or common side effect of esmolol.
C. Bradycardia is a known effect of beta-blockers, including esmolol, and should be monitored.
D. Esmolol can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients, which is an important consideration for patient education.
E. Tremors are not commonly associated with esmolol; rather, they might be seen in other conditions or medications.
F. Bronchoconstriction can occur with non-selective beta-blockers; however, esmolol is cardioselective, so the risk is lower but still possible, especially in patients with underlying respiratory conditions.