The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a client experiencing atrial fibrillation. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances would the nurse assess to reduce the incidence of toxicity with digoxin (Lanoxin)?
hypocalcemia
hypokalemia
hyperkalemia
hypernatremia
The Correct Answer is B
A. Hypocalcemia is not directly linked to digoxin toxicity; rather, it is more associated with calcium channel blockers.
B. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, as low potassium levels can enhance the effects of digoxin on the heart.
C. Hyperkalemia is not directly associated with toxicity; however, it can cause complications in patients taking digoxin.
D. Hypernatremia does not have a direct impact on digoxin toxicity; monitoring potassium levels is more critical.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increased creatinine clearance is not a common effect of gemfibrozil; rather, it may lead to liver function changes or muscle-related side effects.
B. Gemfibrozil does not typically decrease prothrombin time (PT); this option does not relate to its mechanism of action.
C. Hyperkalemia is not a typical side effect of gemfibrozil; it may be more relevant to other medications, particularly those affecting the kidneys.
D. Gallstones are a known side effect of gemfibrozil, as the drug can increase biliary cholesterol saturation, leading to the formation of stones.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. PT/INR is more relevant for monitoring anticoagulant therapy like warfarin, not heparin.
B. This response is accurate; heparin prevents further clot formation but does not dissolve existing clots, which can take time for the body to reabsorb.
C. Heparin begins to exert its effects quickly, and therapeutic levels are not measured by PT/INR but by aPTT or anti-factor Xa levels.
D. Clots do not dissolve immediately after the first dose of heparin; the medication's role is to prevent clot extension.