The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a group of well-educated clients who were found to be HIV positive within the last year. The nurse should explain that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acts in which way to suppress the immune system?
Increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM.
Destruction of helper T-cells and CD4 cells.
Deficiency of cytotoxic T cells.
Proliferation of suppressor T-cells.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
An increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM is not how HIV suppresses the immune system. B-lymphocytes are responsible for producing antibodies, and IgM is a type of antibody. HIV primarily affects T-lymphocytes, specifically helper T-cells (CD4 cells), rather than B-lymphocytes.
Choice B rationale
The destruction of helper T-cells and CD4 cells is the primary mechanism by which HIV suppresses the immune system. HIV targets and infects these cells, leading to their depletion. Helper T-cells play a crucial role in coordinating the immune response, and their loss results in a weakened immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.
Choice C rationale
A deficiency of cytotoxic T cells is not the primary mechanism by which HIV suppresses the immune system. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells) are involved in directly killing infected cells, but the main impact of HIV is on helper T-cells (CD4 cells), which are essential for orchestrating the immune response.
Choice D rationale
The proliferation of suppressor T-cells is not how HIV suppresses the immune system. Suppressor T-cells (regulatory T cells) help regulate and control the immune response, but HIV primarily affects helper T-cells (CD4 cells), leading to their destruction and a weakened immune system.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Respiratory acidosis is characterized by elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood due to impaired ventilation. This accumulation of CO2 leads to a decrease in blood pH, making it more acidic.
Choice B rationale
Hyperventilation leads to a rapid elimination of CO2, which would result in respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis. Therefore, this choice does not support the pathophysiological process of respiratory acidosis.
Choice C rationale
Blood oxygen levels stimulating the respiratory rate is a compensatory mechanism for hypoxemia but does not directly cause respiratory acidosis. This process is more related to respiratory alkalosis.
Choice D rationale
The kidneys do play a role in acid-base balance, but they primarily eliminate acids other than CO2. They do not significantly convert CO2 for elimination, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Serum blood glucose level is not directly related to the presence of purulent drainage at a wound site. While blood glucose levels can affect wound healing, they do not provide specific information about the presence of infection.
Choice B rationale
Culture for sensitive organisms is the most appropriate laboratory value to note when purulent drainage is observed. This test helps identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determines the most effective antibiotics for treatment.
Choice C rationale
C-reactive protein (CRP) level is a marker of inflammation and can indicate the presence of an infection, but it does not provide specific information about the bacteria causing the infection.
Choice D rationale
Blood pH level is not directly related to the presence of purulent drainage at a wound site. While blood pH can be affected by severe infections, it is not a specific indicator of wound infection.