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The nurse is planning to teach a client with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) about measures to limit disease progression. Which interventions would the nurse include for this client? (Select all that apply)

Smoking cessation.

Wear compression stockings.

Use a heating pad directly on the legs.

Exercising will help increase circulation.

Soak feet in hot water daily.

Decrease saturated fats in daily diet.

Question Solution

Correct Answer : A,D,F

A) Smoking cessation: Quitting smoking is one of the most critical interventions for clients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Smoking contributes to vascular damage and worsens arterial circulation, so cessation can significantly slow disease progression and improve overall cardiovascular health.

B) Wear compression stockings: While compression stockings may be helpful for venous conditions, they are generally not recommended for clients with PAD. In fact, they can impair arterial flow, so this intervention should not be included in the teaching plan.

C) Use a heating pad directly on the legs: Using a heating pad directly on the legs is unsafe for clients with PAD, as it can lead to burns or injuries due to impaired sensation in the extremities. Additionally, excessive heat can exacerbate circulation issues.

D) Exercising will help increase circulation: Regular exercise is beneficial for clients with PAD. Supervised exercise programs, such as walking, can improve circulation and enhance functional capacity, helping to manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

E) Soak feet in hot water daily: Soaking feet in hot water can pose risks, particularly for individuals with PAD, as they may have reduced sensation and are at higher risk for burns or injuries. This practice should not be recommended.

F) Decrease saturated fats in daily diet: Reducing saturated fats in the diet can help improve overall cardiovascular health and lower cholesterol levels, which is beneficial for clients with PAD. A heart-healthy diet can help limit disease progression and improve circulation.

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A. Apply cold therapy to the affected leg. B. Monitor Homan's sign. C. Obtain a venous duplex ultrasound. D. Obtain impedance plethysmography.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Apply cold therapy to the affected leg: Cold therapy may be used for certain conditions to reduce swelling and pain, but in the case of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) indicated by redness, warmth, tenderness, and pain in the calf, cold therapy is not appropriate. Instead, the focus should be on confirming the diagnosis before applying any treatment.

B) Monitor Homan's sign: Homan's sign involves dorsiflexion of the foot to assess for pain in the calf, which can suggest DVT. However, it is no longer considered a reliable diagnostic tool. Instead, confirmation through imaging or other diagnostic measures is preferred, so simply monitoring this sign would not be sufficient in this situation.

C) Obtain a venous duplex ultrasound: A venous duplex ultrasound is the gold standard for

diagnosing DVT. Given the client’s symptoms—redness, warmth, tenderness, and pain in the calf—the appropriate order is to obtain this ultrasound to confirm the presence of a thrombus. This imaging study provides critical information for diagnosis and subsequent management.

D) Obtain impedance plethysmography: While impedance plethysmography can assess venous flow and help diagnose DVT, it is less commonly used than venous duplex ultrasound. The more direct and widely accepted method for diagnosing DVT in this scenario is the ultrasound, making this option less suitable as the initial order.

A. Shiny, hairless lower extremities. B. Warm lower extremities. C. Thin toenails. D. Lower extremity bilateral pulse 3+

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Shiny, hairless lower extremities: In advanced peripheral arterial disease (PAD), the skin on the lower extremities often appears shiny and hairless due to reduced blood flow. The lack of hair growth and the shiny appearance are indicative of ischemia and poor circulation, making this a common finding in clients with advanced PAD.

B) Warm lower extremities: This finding is not typical in advanced PAD. Due to compromised blood flow, the lower extremities are more likely to feel cool or cold to the touch rather than warm. Warm skin can indicate good blood flow, which is usually absent in cases of significant arterial disease.

C) Thin toenails: In advanced PAD, toenails may become thin and brittle due to insufficient blood supply, which can lead to impaired nail growth. This change is consistent with the overall effects of reduced circulation and is an expected finding in clients with advanced PAD.

D) Lower extremity bilateral pulse 3+: A 3+ pulse indicates a strong and bounding pulse, which is not typically present in advanced PAD. In fact, patients with PAD often exhibit diminished or absent pulses in the affected extremities due to poor arterial circulation. Therefore, this finding does not align with the expected assessment results for advanced PAD.

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The nurse is planning to teach a client with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) about measures to limit disease progression. Which interventions would the nurse include for this client? (Select all that apply)

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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The nurse is planning to teach a client with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) about measures to limit disease progression. Which interventions would the nurse include for this client? (Select all that apply)