The nurse is instructing the parents of a child with sickle cell anemia on safety precautions. What should the nurse emphasize during this teaching?
Treat upper respiratory infections with over-the-counter medication.
Ensure a consistent and daily intake of adequate fluids to prevent dehydration.
Remind parents that the child should avoid immunizations to prevent the introduction of bacteria into the body.
Suggest the child participate in sports activities without restriction.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Treating upper respiratory infections with over-the-counter medication is not recommended for children with sickle cell anemia. These children are at higher risk for infections and complications, and any signs of infection should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Choice B rationale
Ensuring a consistent and daily intake of adequate fluids is crucial for preventing dehydration in children with sickle cell anemia. Dehydration can trigger a sickle cell crisis, leading to severe pain and other complications.
Choice C rationale
Avoiding immunizations is incorrect. Children with sickle cell anemia should receive all recommended vaccinations to prevent infections, which can be more severe in these children.
Choice D rationale
Suggesting that the child participate in sports activities without restriction is not advisable. Children with sickle cell anemia should avoid strenuous activities that can lead to dehydration and trigger a sickle cell crisis. .
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. It is not commonly associated with tetralogy of Fallot.
Choice B rationale
Polycythemia, or an increased number of red blood cells, can occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to chronic hypoxia in tetralogy of Fallot. However, it is not a primary condition associated with tetralogy of Fallot.
Choice C rationale
Pulmonary hypertension is a condition characterized by increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. While it can occur secondary to congenital heart defects, it is not a primary condition associated with tetralogy of Fallot.
Choice D rationale
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that includes four heart abnormalities: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta. These defects cause altered blood flow and reduced oxygen levels in the blood.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The inability to stand upright without support at 15 months is a developmental delay that should be reported to the provider. By this age, most toddlers can stand and walk independently. Delays in motor skills can indicate underlying neurological or musculoskeletal issues.
Choice B rationale
Building a tower of six to seven cubes is a skill typically developed by 24 months. At 15 months, a toddler may only be able to stack two to three cubes.
Choice C rationale
Jumping with both feet is a skill that develops around 24 to 36 months. It is not expected for a 15-month-old toddler to be able to jump with both feet.
Choice D rationale
Turning a doorknob is a fine motor skill that develops around 24 to 36 months. It is not expected for a 15-month-old toddler to have this skill.