The nurse is educating the patient about the diagnosis of hypertension. Which statement made by the nurse is most accurate?
"For confirmed diagnosis of hypertension, the BP readings should be higher than normal on 2 or more separate occasions."
"For confirmed diagnosis of hypertension, BP readings should be lower than normal on only one occasion."
"For confirmed diagnosis of hypertension, BP readings should be higher than normal on more than three separate occasions."
"For confirmed diagnosis of hypertension, the BP readings should be higher than normal on only one occasion."
The Correct Answer is A
A. "For confirmed diagnosis of hypertension, the BP readings should be higher than normal on 2 or more separate occasions.": This statement accurately reflects the criteria for diagnosing hypertension. According to guidelines, a diagnosis is typically confirmed when blood pressure readings consistently exceed normal levels (usually defined as 130/80 mm Hg) on two or more separate visits.
B. "For confirmed diagnosis of hypertension, BP readings should be lower than normal on only one occasion.": This statement is incorrect. A single low reading does not confirm a diagnosis of hypertension. In fact, it contradicts the concept of hypertension, which involves consistently high readings.
C. "For confirmed diagnosis of hypertension, BP readings should be higher than normal on more than three separate occasions.": This statement is misleading. While multiple readings are often taken, the threshold for diagnosis is two or more elevated readings, not three.
D. "For confirmed diagnosis of hypertension, the BP readings should be higher than normal on only one occasion.": This statement is inaccurate, as a single elevated reading is not sufficient for diagnosis. Consistent elevations over multiple occasions are necessary for a confirmed diagnosis.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A) Furosemide: This is a loop diuretic that can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, both of which can contribute to orthostatic hypotension. The medication's diuretic effect can cause a significant drop in blood volume, increasing the risk of low blood pressure upon standing.
B) Simvastatin: This medication is used to lower cholesterol levels and is not associated with orthostatic hypotension. It does not have a direct impact on blood pressure or volume.
C) Losartan: As an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), losartan is used to treat hypertension. It can cause vasodilation and may lead to orthostatic hypotension, particularly in elderly clients or those who are volume-depleted.
D) Nifedipine: This calcium channel blocker is used to treat hypertension and can cause vasodilation. It may lead to orthostatic hypotension as well, especially during dose adjustments or if the client is dehydrated.
E) Clopidogrel: This antiplatelet medication is used to prevent blood clots and does not directly cause orthostatic hypotension. Its primary action is to inhibit platelet aggregation, not to affect blood pressure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Low fat diet: While a low-fat diet can be beneficial for overall cardiovascular health, it is not the most critical intervention for a client with Buerger's Disease. The primary concern is addressing the underlying causes of the disease rather than just dietary modifications.
B. Blood glucose control: This is important for clients with diabetes but is not specific to Buerger's Disease. Effective management of blood glucose levels does not directly address the primary issues associated with this condition.
C. Blood pressure control: Managing blood pressure is important for overall cardiovascular health; however, it is not the most immediate concern for a client with Buerger's Disease compared to smoking cessation.
D. Smoking cessation: This is the most critical intervention. Buerger's Disease is strongly associated with tobacco use, and smoking cessation is essential to halt the progression of the disease and improve symptoms. Educating the client about the importance of quitting smoking can lead to significant improvements in their condition and overall vascular health.