The nurse is educating adolescent high school students about when to seek medical attention regarding suspected cancerous skin lesions. Which of the following are included in the nurse's teaching? The lesion has:
An irregular border.
Asymmetrical shape.
Been increasing in size.
A diameter of less than 4 mm.
Ecchymosis.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. An irregular border is a key characteristic of potentially cancerous skin lesions, particularly melanoma. Melanomas often have uneven, poorly defined edges.
B. Asymmetry is another sign of melanoma. If one half of a lesion does not match the other in shape or size, it should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
C. Any lesion that has been increasing in size, particularly over a short period, is a concern and should be checked. Rapid growth can be a sign of malignancy.
D. A lesion with a diameter of less than 4 mm is generally less concerning, as most cancerous lesions are larger. However, the other factors (such as asymmetry and border irregularity) are more significant for diagnosis.
E. Ecchymosis (bruising) is not typically associated with cancerous skin lesions. Skin cancers like melanoma present as new or changing moles, not bruising.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Large tumors with distant metastasis may not respond well to radiation therapy, as the effectiveness diminishes when cancer spreads beyond the primary site.
B. While radiation can be effective for superficial cancers, it is most impactful when the cancer is localized.
C. Radiation therapy is most effective for localized cancers, where the treatment can target the tumor directly without affecting surrounding healthy tissues extensively.
D. Cancer spread to multiple sites in one organ complicates treatment and may reduce the efficacy of radiation therapy, as multiple targets may require different approaches.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This statement is accurate as Mohs surgery involves examining each layer of skin for cancer cells before proceeding with further removal.
B. The client indicates a misunderstanding; Mohs surgery does not typically involve a needle biopsy of the lymph node at the time of the procedure, as it focuses on the local removal of skin cancer.
C. This statement is correct as the goal of Mohs surgery is to remove the cancer while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible.
D. This statement is also true as Mohs surgery is designed to minimize healthy tissue removal, often resulting in better cosmetic outcomes