The nurse is educating adolescent high school students about when to seek medical attention regarding suspected cancerous skin lesions. Which of the following are included in the nurse's teaching? The lesion has:
An irregular border.
Asymmetrical shape.
Been increasing in size.
A diameter of less than 4 mm.
Ecchymosis.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. An irregular border is a key characteristic of potentially cancerous skin lesions, particularly melanoma. Melanomas often have uneven, poorly defined edges.
B. Asymmetry is another sign of melanoma. If one half of a lesion does not match the other in shape or size, it should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
C. Any lesion that has been increasing in size, particularly over a short period, is a concern and should be checked. Rapid growth can be a sign of malignancy.
D. A lesion with a diameter of less than 4 mm is generally less concerning, as most cancerous lesions are larger. However, the other factors (such as asymmetry and border irregularity) are more significant for diagnosis.
E. Ecchymosis (bruising) is not typically associated with cancerous skin lesions. Skin cancers like melanoma present as new or changing moles, not bruising.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A garden salad may contain raw vegetables, which can harbor bacteria and pose a risk of infection for a client with neutropenia, making this the concerning choice.
B. Applesauce is typically safe as it is a processed food that has been cooked, reducing the risk of bacterial contamination.
C. A baked potato is also safe as long as it is properly cooked and handled, which minimizes the risk of foodborne illness.
D. Steamed broccoli is safe because the cooking process eliminates harmful bacteria, making it a better choice for someone with neutropenia.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Pain control options should be appropriate to the setting because different environments (e.g., home vs. hospital) may require different approaches to pain management, ensuring that the interventions align with the patient's needs and the context.
B. Timely and logical delivery of pain relief interventions is critical for effective pain management. Delays in treatment can lead to unnecessary suffering and complicate the overall management of the patient's condition.
C. Asking about pain only once a shift is insufficient for effective pain management. Pain can fluctuate frequently, especially in a client with cancer, so regular assessment is essential to address pain promptly.
D. Believing that pain is what the client reports it to be is fundamental to effective pain management. Pain is subjective, and clients' experiences and expressions of pain should be taken seriously to guide appropriate interventions.
E. A team approach is often the most effective for pain management, as it allows for a comprehensive plan that integrates multiple perspectives and disciplines, including nursing, medical, and possibly palliative care professionals, ensuring a holistic approach to managing pain.