The nurse is educating adolescent high school students about when to seek medical attention regarding suspected cancerous skin lesions. Which of the following are included in the nurse's teaching? The lesion has:
An irregular border.
Asymmetrical shape.
Been increasing in size.
A diameter of less than 4 mm.
Ecchymosis.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. An irregular border is a key characteristic of potentially cancerous skin lesions, particularly melanoma. Melanomas often have uneven, poorly defined edges.
B. Asymmetry is another sign of melanoma. If one half of a lesion does not match the other in shape or size, it should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
C. Any lesion that has been increasing in size, particularly over a short period, is a concern and should be checked. Rapid growth can be a sign of malignancy.
D. A lesion with a diameter of less than 4 mm is generally less concerning, as most cancerous lesions are larger. However, the other factors (such as asymmetry and border irregularity) are more significant for diagnosis.
E. Ecchymosis (bruising) is not typically associated with cancerous skin lesions. Skin cancers like melanoma present as new or changing moles, not bruising.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Pain control options should be appropriate to the setting because different environments (e.g., home vs. hospital) may require different approaches to pain management, ensuring that the interventions align with the patient's needs and the context.
B. Timely and logical delivery of pain relief interventions is critical for effective pain management. Delays in treatment can lead to unnecessary suffering and complicate the overall management of the patient's condition.
C. Asking about pain only once a shift is insufficient for effective pain management. Pain can fluctuate frequently, especially in a client with cancer, so regular assessment is essential to address pain promptly.
D. Believing that pain is what the client reports it to be is fundamental to effective pain management. Pain is subjective, and clients' experiences and expressions of pain should be taken seriously to guide appropriate interventions.
E. A team approach is often the most effective for pain management, as it allows for a comprehensive plan that integrates multiple perspectives and disciplines, including nursing, medical, and possibly palliative care professionals, ensuring a holistic approach to managing pain.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While a diet of soft foods and liquid protein may be beneficial for a client undergoing chemotherapy, it is not the most critical intervention related to thrombocytopenia. Nutritional needs can be managed but do not address the immediate risk of bleeding or injury.
B. Teaching safety in the home to reduce injury and falls is the most important intervention. Clients with thrombocytopenia have a significantly increased risk of bleeding and bruising, making it essential to prevent falls and injuries that could lead to serious complications.
C. Spacing activities throughout the day can help manage fatigue, but it is not as urgent as ensuring the client is safe from injuries related to low platelet counts.
D. Frequent hand hygiene is important to prevent infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, but it does not directly address the primary concern of preventing injuries related to thrombocytopenia.