The nurse is educating a patient's family member about a central venous pressure catheter (CVP). Which statement by the family member best indicates understanding of the purpose of the CVP?
"The catheter will be in position until the heart has a chance to heal."
The catheter will allow the provider to better manage fluid therapy."
"The catheter tip comes to rest inside my brother's left ventricle."
"The catheter will provide multiple IV sites to give intravenous fluid."
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. While a CVP catheter might be in place for an extended period, its purpose is not directly related to heart healing.
B. The CVP catheter is used to monitor central venous pressure, which helps guide fluid management and assess right heart function.
C. The CVP catheter does not extend into the left ventricle; it is typically positioned in the superior vena cava or right atrium.
D. The CVP catheter may have multiple lumens for administering fluids, but its primary purpose is hemodynamic monitoring, not just providing IV access.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Epinephrine is an important drug in resuscitation but is administered after defibrillation in the algorithm.
B. Defibrillation is the priority intervention for ventricular fibrillation, as it is the only treatment that can convert the heart rhythm back to a viable one.
C. Airway management is crucial, but in the context of ventricular fibrillation, defibrillation takes precedence to restore a life-sustaining rhythm.
D. Amiodarone is used in the treatment of refractory ventricular fibrillation, but it is not the immediate priority over defibrillation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure due to an identifiable cause, such as renal disease, but it does not describe an acute situation with target organ damage.
B. Hypertensive urgency is a situation where the blood pressure is severely elevated but without evidence of target organ damage.
C. Hypertensive emergency is characterized by severely elevated blood pressure with evidence of acute target organ damage, such as encephalopathy, myocardial infarction, or renal failure, requiring immediate medical intervention.
D. Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is high blood pressure without a known secondary cause and does not describe an acute emergency.