The nurse is educating a patient with diabetes about long-term complications of the disease. Which of the following complications should the nurse include in the teaching?
Asthma
Osteoporosis
Liver cirrhosis
Cardiovascular disease
The Correct Answer is D
A. Asthma: Asthma is a respiratory condition and is not a common complication associated with diabetes.
B. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a bone disease more commonly associated with hormonal changes, aging, or steroid use, not directly linked to diabetes.
C. Liver cirrhosis: Liver cirrhosis is usually caused by alcohol use, hepatitis, or other liver diseases, not directly due to diabetes.
D. Cardiovascular disease: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its association with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Serum sodium levels: Desmopressin can lead to water retention and potentially hyponatremia. Monitoring serum sodium is crucial to prevent electrolyte imbalance.
B. Serum magnesium levels: Magnesium is not typically impacted by desmopressin treatment in central diabetes insipidus.
C. Serum potassium levels: Desmopressin does not generally affect potassium levels in patients with diabetes insipidus.
D. Serum calcium levels: Calcium levels are not directly influenced by desmopressin or diabetes insipidus.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. Staying hydrated is essential in managing viral pharyngitis to prevent dehydration, soothe the throat, and promote recovery.
B. Take antibiotics as prescribed until the course is complete. Antibiotics are not indicated for viral infections; they are only used for bacterial infections.
C. Avoid all forms of physical activity until fully recovered. While rest is recommended, light activities may be acceptable depending on the patient’s energy levels and symptoms. Total avoidance of all physical activity is unnecessary.
D. Use throat lozenges as needed but avoid resting to prevent throat swelling. Resting is beneficial to recovery. Throat lozenges may soothe irritation, but avoiding rest would be counterproductive.