The nurse is educating a patient with diabetes about long-term complications of the disease. Which of the following complications should the nurse include in the teaching?
Asthma
Osteoporosis
Liver cirrhosis
Cardiovascular disease
The Correct Answer is D
A. Asthma: Asthma is a respiratory condition and is not a common complication associated with diabetes.
B. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a bone disease more commonly associated with hormonal changes, aging, or steroid use, not directly linked to diabetes.
C. Liver cirrhosis: Liver cirrhosis is usually caused by alcohol use, hepatitis, or other liver diseases, not directly due to diabetes.
D. Cardiovascular disease: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its association with atherosclerosis, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. A clean catch urinalysis and urine culture: A urinalysis and culture are essential to identify the presence of infection, type of bacteria, and appropriate antibiotic sensitivity.
B. Foley catheter placement: Foley catheters are not routinely indicated for suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) unless there is an issue with urinary retention or other specific medical indication.
C. Broad-spectrum antibiotic: Initiating a broad-spectrum antibiotic may be appropriate while waiting for culture results to address infection.
D. 0.9% sodium chloride infusion at 100 ml/hr: IV fluids are not typically necessary for a UTI unless the patient is dehydrated or unable to take oral fluids.
E. WBC count: A WBC count can help assess the systemic inflammatory response and gauge the severity of the infection.
F. Blood cultures × 2: Blood cultures are generally reserved for cases where a systemic infection or sepsis is suspected, which is not indicated by this patient's symptoms alone.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Administering pain medication: Pain management is essential, but in this case, the primary concern is potential airway compromise due to inhalation injury, which should be addressed first.
B. Applying a cool, wet cloth to burned areas: Cooling burned areas can help with pain and reduce burn severity but is not the priority in a case of suspected inhalation injury with airway compromise.
C. Administering high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask: This client is at high risk for respiratory compromise due to inhalation injury; administering high-flow oxygen is the priority to ensure adequate oxygenation.
D. Initiating intravenous fluid resuscitation: Fluid resuscitation is essential for burn patients but is not the immediate priority over addressing potential airway and oxygenation issues.