The nurse is educating a group of women about breast health. Which statement by the nurse accurately reflects the current American Cancer Society breast cancer screening guidelines?
"Women should be familiar with their own breasts so that they can report any changes to their provider".
"All women should have a breast screening with an MRI beginning at age 40".
"Mammograms do not help with detecting breast cancer until after age 54".
"Mammograms are only indicated if there is a strong family history".
The Correct Answer is A
A) "Women should be familiar with their own breasts so that they can report any changes to their provider": This statement aligns with current recommendations emphasizing the importance of breast self-awareness. Women are encouraged to be familiar with their breast tissue so they can recognize any changes, such as lumps or alterations in size or shape, and report these changes to their healthcare provider. This proactive approach can lead to earlier detection of breast cancer.
B) "All women should have a breast screening with an MRI beginning at age 40": This statement is misleading, as the American Cancer Society does not recommend routine MRI screenings for all women. MRI is typically reserved for women at high risk for breast cancer. The standard guideline includes annual mammograms starting at age 40, but not MRI for all.
C) "Mammograms do not help with detecting breast cancer until after age 54": This statement is incorrect. Mammograms are effective in detecting breast cancer well before age 54, and the American Cancer Society recommends that women start getting annual mammograms at age 40. Early detection through regular screenings is critical for improving outcomes.
D) "Mammograms are only indicated if there is a strong family history": This statement is also inaccurate. While family history can increase the risk for breast cancer and may influence screening frequency, all women are encouraged to have regular mammograms starting at age 40, regardless of family history. This guideline aims to catch potential cancers early in all women.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A) Subjective report: The most reliable indicator of pain is the patient's own description of their experience. Pain is inherently subjective, and individuals may perceive and express pain differently. Listening to the client's self-report provides valuable insight into their pain intensity, quality, and impact on daily life, which cannot be accurately assessed through objective measures alone.
B) Physical exam: While a physical exam can provide important information about potential sources of pain or related conditions, it may not accurately reflect the intensity or nature of the pain the patient is experiencing. Physical findings may vary widely among individuals with similar pain complaints, making this a less reliable indicator.
C) Results of a CAT scan: Imaging studies like CAT scans can identify structural issues, such as fractures or tumors, but they do not measure pain. Many patients with significant pain may have normal imaging results, while others with severe findings may report minimal discomfort, underscoring the limitations of relying solely on diagnostic tests.
D) The client's vital signs: Vital signs can indicate physiological responses to pain, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure, but they are not specific indicators of pain severity. Many factors can influence vital signs, including anxiety and other medical conditions, making them unreliable for assessing pain levels independently.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) Dietary history from the patient: This information is subjective as it relies on the patient’s personal account of their eating habits, which may be influenced by memory or perception. It does not provide measurable data.
B) BMI (Body Mass Index): This is an objective measure calculated from a person’s height and weight. It provides quantifiable data that can be used to assess nutritional status and potential health risks associated with body weight.
C) Patient history of alcohol intake: This information is subjective as it is based on the patient’s self-report. It does not provide direct evidence and may vary depending on how the patient perceives their alcohol consumption.
D) Patient complaint of weight loss: This is also subjective data, as it relies on the patient’s perception of their weight change. It does not provide concrete measurements and can be influenced by various factors such as mood or misunderstanding of the situation.