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The nurse is collecting data to determine the client’s risk factors related to cervical cancer. The nurse determines which information to be significant?

A.

Multiple sexual partners.

B.

Multiple pregnancies.

C.

Late onset of menarche.

D.

Use of a diaphragm.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

 

Multiple sexual partners increase the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is a significant risk factor for cervical cancer.

 

Choice B rationale

 

Multiple pregnancies are not a significant risk factor for cervical cancer.

 

Choice C rationale

 

Late onset of menarche is not a significant risk factor for cervical cancer.

 

Choice D rationale

 

Use of a diaphragm is not a significant risk factor for cervical cancer.


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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A nagging cough is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. Persistent coughing or hoarseness can indicate lung cancer or other cancers affecting the respiratory system. It is important to investigate any chronic cough that does not resolve with standard treatment.

Choice B rationale

A non-healing sore is another warning sign of cancer. Sores that do not heal, especially in the mouth or on the skin, can be indicative of skin cancer or oral cancer. These sores may bleed, ooze, or become crusty and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Choice C rationale

A change in moles is a significant warning sign of skin cancer, particularly melanoma. Changes in size, shape, color, or texture of a mole, or the appearance of new moles, should be assessed by a healthcare provider. Early detection of skin changes can lead to prompt treatment and better outcomes.

Choice D rationale

A change in bowel pattern is a warning sign of colorectal cancer. Symptoms such as persistent diarrhea, constipation, or changes in stool consistency or color can indicate an underlying malignancy in the digestive tract. It is important to seek medical evaluation for any unexplained changes in bowel habits.

Choice E rationale

Bloating is not typically included in the seven warning signs of cancer. While bloating can be a symptom of various conditions, including ovarian cancer, it is not one of the primary warning signs used to identify cancer. The focus should be on the more specific signs listed above.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A family history of breast cancer is a significant risk factor because genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can be inherited and increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.

Choice B rationale

Multiparity (having multiple pregnancies) is generally considered to reduce the risk of breast cancer. This is because pregnancy and breastfeeding lower the number of menstrual cycles a woman has, reducing her lifetime exposure to estrogen.

Choice C rationale

Exposure of the chest to high-dose radiation, especially during childhood or young adulthood, increases the risk of breast cancer. Radiation can cause mutations in breast cells, leading to cancer.

Choice D rationale

Previous cancer of the breast, uterus, or ovaries increases the risk of developing breast cancer. This is due to shared risk factors and the possibility of metastasis or recurrence.

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