The nurse is caring for an immunosuppressed pediatric client who reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing. The nurse should anticipate which drug to be administered to this client?
nystatin (Mycostatin)
amoxicillin (Amoxil)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
acyclovir (Zovirax)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat oral candidiasis (thrush), which is consistent with the client's symptoms of soreness in the mouth and the presence of a white, milky plaque that does not rub off.
B. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections but would not be effective against fungal infections like oral thrush.
C. Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication, which is not appropriate for treating oral candidiasis.
D. Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by certain viruses, such as herpes, and is not effective for fungal infections like thrush.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Ferrous sulfate can stain the teeth; therefore, using a straw can help minimize this risk when taken in liquid form.
B. Iron absorption is actually reduced when taken with milk or dairy products due to calcium binding with iron, so this statement is incorrect.
C. Iron supplements are often associated with constipation, and taking them at night may not prevent this issue; in fact, taking them during the day with plenty of fluids and fiber is usually recommended.
D. Antacids can interfere with the absorption of iron, so it is not advisable to take them together.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Discontinuing metformin 24 hours before a CT scan is longer than necessary and not standard practice.
B. It is generally recommended that metformin be held for at least 12 hours before the administration of IV contrast to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis, especially in clients with renal impairment.
C. Six hours is insufficient time to ensure the medication is cleared from the system, considering the potential risks.
D. Discontinuing metformin for 48 hours is overly cautious and not necessary unless there are complications that arise after the contrast is administered.