The nurse is caring for an immunosuppressed pediatric client who reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing. The nurse should anticipate which drug to be administered to this client?
nystatin (Mycostatin)
amoxicillin (Amoxil)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
acyclovir (Zovirax)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat oral candidiasis (thrush), which is consistent with the client's symptoms of soreness in the mouth and the presence of a white, milky plaque that does not rub off.
B. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections but would not be effective against fungal infections like oral thrush.
C. Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication, which is not appropriate for treating oral candidiasis.
D. Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by certain viruses, such as herpes, and is not effective for fungal infections like thrush.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Prophylactic therapy is used to prevent infection in at-risk individuals, not to treat suspected infections before confirming lab results.
B. Palliative therapy is intended for symptom relief, often in cases where curing the disease is not the goal.
C. Maintenance therapy is designed to maintain health stability rather than to treat suspected infections without lab confirmation.
D. Empiric therapy involves starting treatment based on clinical judgment before lab results are available. This approach is useful to manage infections promptly when waiting for cultures could delay necessary care.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hair loss is not a recognized long-term side effect of phenytoin.
B. Phenytoin is used to prevent seizures, not cause them; a reoccurrence of seizures may indicate ineffective control or medication issues, but it is not a side effect.
C. Hypertension is not typically associated with phenytoin use.
D. Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a common long-term side effect of phenytoin and requires regular dental hygiene and monitoring.