The nurse is caring for an immunosuppressed pediatric client who reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing. The nurse should anticipate which drug to be administered to this client?
nystatin (Mycostatin)
amoxicillin (Amoxil)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
acyclovir (Zovirax)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat oral candidiasis (thrush), which is consistent with the client's symptoms of soreness in the mouth and the presence of a white, milky plaque that does not rub off.
B. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections but would not be effective against fungal infections like oral thrush.
C. Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication, which is not appropriate for treating oral candidiasis.
D. Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by certain viruses, such as herpes, and is not effective for fungal infections like thrush.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Methylprednisolone does not contain soy products and is not contraindicated for clients with a soybean allergy.
B. Ipratropium bromide is often formulated with soy lecithin as a stabilizer, making it contraindicated for individuals allergic to soybeans.
C. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist and does not contain soy products, so it is safe for this client.
D. Albuterol does not contain soy products and is generally safe for clients with a soybean allergy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Carvedilol is a beta-blocker that is often used in hypertension management but is not considered a first-line treatment.
B. Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is a first-line treatment for hypertension due to its effectiveness and safety profile, making it a common choice for initial therapy.
C. Doxazosin is an alpha-1 blocker that can be used for hypertension but is not typically a first-line treatment due to the risk of side effects like hypotension.
D. Clonidine is a central alpha agonist used in certain situations for hypertension but is not considered a first-line therapy due to potential adverse effects and sedation.