The nurse is caring for an immunosuppressed pediatric client who reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing. The nurse should anticipate which drug to be administered to this client?
nystatin (Mycostatin)
amoxicillin (Amoxil)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
acyclovir (Zovirax)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat oral candidiasis (thrush), which is consistent with the client's symptoms of soreness in the mouth and the presence of a white, milky plaque that does not rub off.
B. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections but would not be effective against fungal infections like oral thrush.
C. Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication, which is not appropriate for treating oral candidiasis.
D. Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by certain viruses, such as herpes, and is not effective for fungal infections like thrush.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. A shuffling gait is more commonly associated with parkinsonism, a side effect of antipsychotic medications, rather than tardive dyskinesia.
B. A sudden onset of high fever could indicate neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is a serious reaction to antipsychotic medications, not tardive dyskinesia.
C. Constant tapping of feet when sitting can indicate restlessness or akathisia, but it does not specifically represent tardive dyskinesia.
D. Twisting tongue movements are a classic manifestation of tardive dyskinesia, characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of the face, tongue, and extremities, which may develop after long-term use of antipsychotic medications like fluphenazine.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypertension is not a direct adverse effect of febuxostat; monitoring blood pressure is important but not the primary concern with this medication.
B. Malignant hyperthermia is a rare condition typically associated with certain anesthetic agents and is not related to febuxostat.
C. Steven's Johnson Syndrome is a serious skin reaction that can occur with some medications, but it is not specifically associated with febuxostat.
D. Renal impairment is a known risk with febuxostat, and the nurse should monitor renal function closely, as gout can also be exacerbated by kidney issues and febuxostat is primarily excreted by the kidneys.