The nurse is caring for a preschooler with acute nasopharyngitis. Which information should the nurse include when teaching the parents about this health problem?
A cough that accompanies a cold should not be suppressed.
An antibiotic is prescribed for children younger than 5 years of age.
Typically, the child will pull the ear when a cold is present.
Healthy children rarely have more than one cold per year.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Coughing helps to clear mucus from the airways, and suppressing it can lead to complications such as mucus buildup and infection.
B. Antibiotics are not prescribed for viral infections like the common cold unless there is a secondary bacterial infection.
C. Ear pulling may indicate ear discomfort or infection, but it is not a typical response to nasopharyngitis alone.
D. It is normal for young children to have multiple colds per year due to their developing immune systems.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. These vital signs are generally within expected ranges for a 2-year-old child.
B. A blood pressure of 79/40 mm Hg is low for a 2-year-old, and the elevated heart rate of 135/min and increased respirations suggest that the child may be experiencing significant distress or volume depletion, requiring immediate attention.
C. These vital signs are within normal limits for a 2-year-old child.
D. Although the blood pressure is on the lower end of normal and heart rate is slightly elevated, these findings are less concerning than option B.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt typically occurs during the preschool years (3-6 years), not the toddler stage.
B. Imaginary playmates are more characteristic of the preschool years rather than the toddler stage.
C. Toddlers are in Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt, characterized by negative behaviors as they assert independence and develop autonomy.
D. Demonstrations of sexual curiosity become more pronounced during the preschool years and are less typical in the toddler stage.