The nurse is caring for a patient with stage IV Hodgkin disease. Where should the nurse expect to find enlarged lymph nodes during the assessment?
Two areas of lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm
Two or more areas on the same side of the diaphragm
Localized in the cervical neck area only
Generalized throughout the body within multiple organs
The Correct Answer is D
A. Two areas of lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm: This describes stage III Hodgkin disease, where lymph node involvement occurs both above and below the diaphragm, but not necessarily in multiple organs.
B. Two or more areas on the same side of the diaphragm: This corresponds to stage II Hodgkin disease, which is limited to two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm.
C. Localized in the cervical neck area only: Stage I Hodgkin disease typically involves a single lymph node region, often the cervical nodes, without generalized or extensive spread.
D. Generalized throughout the body within multiple organs: In stage IV Hodgkin disease, the cancer has spread beyond the lymph nodes to other organs and tissues, leading to generalized lymphadenopathy and potential organ involvement.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Intense abdominal pain: While abdominal pain may occur in some conditions related to anemia, it is not a typical finding in anemia due to blood loss.
B. Respiratory depression: Respiratory depression is not commonly associated with anemia and would more likely indicate issues with central nervous system depression or drug side effects.
C. Dyspnea on exertion: Dyspnea on exertion is common in clients with anemia because of the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to tissue hypoxia. Anemia results in decreased hemoglobin levels, reducing the body’s ability to deliver adequate oxygen, particularly during physical activity.
D. Bradycardia: Anemia typically causes tachycardia (increased heart rate) rather than bradycardia, as the body compensates for low oxygen levels by increasing cardiac output.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Results indicate the presence of Reed Sternberg cells: Reed-Sternberg cells are a defining characteristic of Hodgkin disease, a type of lymphoma. Their presence in biopsy samples confirms the diagnosis, distinguishing Hodgkin disease from other types of lymphomas and leukemias.
B. The patient is cyanotic: Cyanosis, or bluish skin discoloration due to low oxygen levels, is not a common sign of Hodgkin disease. It may occur in advanced disease due to respiratory compromise but is not a defining characteristic.
C. The patient is complaining of excessive thirst and hunger: Excessive thirst and hunger are more characteristic of diabetes mellitus, not Hodgkin disease. These symptoms are unrelated to the lymphatic involvement seen in Hodgkin disease.
D. Results indicate the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome: The Philadelphia chromosome is a genetic abnormality associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), not Hodgkin disease. Its presence suggests a different hematologic malignancy.