The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. Which of the following treatment goals should the nurse prioritize?
Administer high-calorie diet to prevent weight loss.
Reduce sodium intake to help manage fluid retention.
Encourage complete bed rest to reduce cardiac workload.
Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Administer high-calorie diet to prevent weight loss. While adequate nutrition is important, a high-calorie diet is not the primary priority in managing heart failure. Sodium and fluid management are usually more crucial to control fluid overload.
B. Reduce sodium intake to help manage fluid retention. Reducing sodium intake is a priority in heart failure management as it helps prevent fluid retention, which reduces workload on the heart and decreases symptoms of fluid overload.
C. Encourage complete bed rest to reduce cardiac workload. Complete bed rest is not recommended as it can lead to deconditioning and increased risk of blood clots. Activity should be balanced according to the patient’s tolerance.
D. Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration. In heart failure, increasing fluid intake could worsen fluid overload. Fluid restriction may be necessary to prevent excess fluid retention.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "I understand that CAD is caused by the buildup of fat deposits in my arteries." CAD is caused by the accumulation of plaque (cholesterol, fats, and other substances) within the coronary arteries, which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle.
B. "Only people with a family history of heart disease are at risk for CAD." Although a family history can increase risk, many other factors, like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, and lifestyle, contribute to CAD risk.
C. "CAD can be completely cured with a healthy diet and exercise." While lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the progression of CAD and improve symptoms, they do not cure the disease.
D. "I should avoid all physical activity to prevent worsening my CAD." Physical activity, when performed safely and under medical guidance, is beneficial for CAD management and can help improve cardiovascular health.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Frequent urination. Frequent urination is not typically associated with Crohn’s disease, which primarily affects the gastrointestinal system.
B. Jaundice. Jaundice is related to liver or biliary system issues and is not a common symptom of Crohn’s disease.
C. Joint pain. While Crohn’s disease may be associated with extraintestinal symptoms, joint pain is not as common as gastrointestinal symptoms during an exacerbation.
D. Abdominal pain and cramping. Abdominal pain and cramping are common symptoms of Crohn’s disease, especially during flare-ups, due to inflammation in the digestive tract.