The nurse is caring for a patient in sickle cell crisis. What is the rationale for providing warm compresses and blankets for this patient?
Heat relaxes the muscles and distracts the patient from the pain.
Sickle cell crisis pain can be exacerbated with shivering.
Heat promotes proper formation of red blood cells (RBCs) and prevents sickling.
Heat increases circulation by preventing vasoconstriction.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Heat relaxes the muscles and distracts the patient from the pain. While warmth can provide comfort, the main goal is to improve circulation rather than distraction.
B. Sickle cell crisis pain can be exacerbated with shivering. Although shivering may be uncomfortable, it is not the primary reason for using heat during a sickle cell crisis.
C. Heat promotes proper formation of red blood cells (RBCs) and prevents sickling. Heat does not affect RBC formation or prevent sickling. The condition of sickling is due to genetic factors, not temperature.
D. Heat increases circulation by preventing vasoconstriction. In sickle cell crisis, warmth helps prevent vasoconstriction, which can reduce blood flow to areas already compromised by sickled cells. Preventing vasoconstriction may help alleviate pain and improve circulation.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. RBC's: Red blood cells (RBCs) are not indicative of Hodgkin’s lymphoma; they are involved in oxygen transport throughout the body and are not a specific marker for any lymphoma.
B. Bence-Jones Cells: Bence-Jones proteins are light chain proteins found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma, not Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
C. Stem Cells: Stem cells are progenitor cells that can develop into various blood cell types but are not characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma specifically. Reed-Sternberg cells, not stem cells, are the hallmark of this disease.
D. Reed-Sternberg Cell: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal B cells that are characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Their presence in lymph node tissue is a key diagnostic feature of the disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Folate: Folate is important for red blood cell production but does not address the Vitamin B12 deficiency seen in pernicious anemia.
B. Vitamin C: Vitamin C does not impact pernicious anemia as it is not involved in Vitamin B12 absorption.
C. Vitamin B12: Pernicious anemia occurs due to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption. After a total gastrectomy, intrinsic factor is no longer produced, requiring Vitamin B12 supplementation.
D. Iron: Iron deficiency anemia is different from pernicious anemia, which specifically requires Vitamin B12 supplementation.