The nurse is caring for a nine-year-old client on the pediatric unit. What is the most effective way for the nurse to support this child in achieving Erikson's developmental task of industry versus inferiority?
Encourage the child to spend most of their time resting and avoiding physical activities.
Limit social interactions with other children to prevent potential conflicts.
Focus on providing constant supervision to ensure the child does not engage in any risky behavior.
Involve the child in making decisions about their care whenever possible, and provide tasks they can complete independently.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Encouraging excessive rest and avoidance of physical activities can lead to feelings of inferiority by limiting opportunities for achievement and social interactions.
B. Limiting social interactions is counterproductive, as friendships and peer relationships are critical for social development during this stage.
C. While supervision is important, overly controlling the child’s activities can inhibit their ability to explore and learn, negatively impacting their sense of industry.
D. Involving the child in decision-making and providing opportunities for independent tasks fosters a sense of competence and accomplishment, essential for developing a sense of industry, according to Erikson’s theory.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Secondary prevention involves early detection and prompt intervention in health issues that have already occurred; providing education about stress does not fall under this category.
B. Suicide prevention is a specific aspect of mental health care and is not directly related to general stress education.
C. Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of health issues and promote health and well-being, making the education on stress and its effects a form of primary prevention.
D. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and management of existing diseases, which does not apply to teaching about stress effects.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Feeding on a strict schedule may not be beneficial for an infant with heart failure, as these babies often require more frequent, smaller feedings to prevent fatigue and ensure adequate nutrition.
B. Allowing the baby to take as much time as needed can be beneficial, but it is crucial to monitor for fatigue and ensure the infant receives sufficient nutrition within a reasonable time frame.
C. Adding increased calorie supplements to each bottle is an effective strategy to help meet the increased caloric needs of an infant with heart failure, indicating an understanding of the nutritional requirements.
D. While minimizing crying can be helpful, the focus should be on the infant's needs and ensuring they are fed before they become overly distressed, rather than a strict limit on crying time.