The nurse is caring for a nine-year-old client on the pediatric unit. What is the most effective way for the nurse to support this child in achieving Erikson's developmental task of industry versus inferiority?
Encourage the child to spend most of their time resting and avoiding physical activities.
Limit social interactions with other children to prevent potential conflicts.
Focus on providing constant supervision to ensure the child does not engage in any risky behavior.
Involve the child in making decisions about their care whenever possible, and provide tasks they can complete independently.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Encouraging excessive rest and avoidance of physical activities can lead to feelings of inferiority by limiting opportunities for achievement and social interactions.
B. Limiting social interactions is counterproductive, as friendships and peer relationships are critical for social development during this stage.
C. While supervision is important, overly controlling the child’s activities can inhibit their ability to explore and learn, negatively impacting their sense of industry.
D. Involving the child in decision-making and providing opportunities for independent tasks fosters a sense of competence and accomplishment, essential for developing a sense of industry, according to Erikson’s theory.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
A. Increased risk-taking behaviors are common as adolescents may feel invulnerable and engage in dangerous activities without considering the consequences.
B. Greater incidence of accidental injuries is often a result of risk-taking behaviors, which can be influenced by feelings of invulnerability.
C. Reduced mental health issues is incorrect as feelings of invulnerability can lead to increased stress and anxiety, negatively impacting mental health.
D. Improved social relationships are not guaranteed; feelings of invulnerability may actually lead to conflict or isolation if risk-taking behaviors are harmful.
E. Higher likelihood of substance abuse can result from a belief in invulnerability, leading adolescents to underestimate the risks associated with drug and alcohol use.
F. Enhanced academic performance is not directly linked to feelings of invulnerability and may suffer due to distractions from risky behaviors.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Crushed ice is appropriate after a tonsillectomy as it can help soothe the throat and is a clear liquid that is easy for the child to swallow.
B. Cranberry juice is acidic, which can irritate the throat and is generally not recommended immediately after tonsillectomy.
C. Orange juice is also acidic and could cause discomfort to the healing throat tissues, making it unsuitable for post-operative care.
D. A vanilla milkshake may be too thick for the child to swallow comfortably after surgery and can pose a risk of choking.