The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving external beam radiation for treatment of right upper lobe lung cancer. What problem should be anticipated following this treatment?
Constipation
Alopecia
Increased saliva
Esophagitis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Constipation is not a direct consequence of external beam radiation to the lung; it may occur due to other factors, such as reduced mobility or medications, but it is not specifically anticipated from this treatment.
B. Alopecia is typically associated with radiation therapy to areas where hair grows, such as the head, rather than the lung area, so it is not expected in this case.
C. Increased saliva is not a common side effect of radiation to the lungs; rather, some patients may experience dry mouth due to treatment to nearby structures.
D. Esophagitis is a well-known complication of radiation therapy to the chest area, as the esophagus can be affected by radiation exposure, leading to inflammation and discomfort in swallowing.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The prone position is not suitable post-craniotomy as it can increase intracranial pressure and may compromise respiratory function.
B. The dorsal recumbent position is not ideal for patients post-craniotomy, as it can hinder optimal intracranial pressure management.
C. The lateral recumbent position is generally avoided immediately after craniotomy to prevent pressure on the surgical site and ensure proper cerebral perfusion.
D. The Semi-Fowler's position helps reduce intracranial pressure, promotes venous drainage, and is generally recommended for post-operative care following a craniotomy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Bowel sounds, abdominal girth, and NG tube output provide important information about gastrointestinal function and the potential for complications like ileus or obstruction. However, they do not provide direct information regarding fluid volume status.
B. Vital signs (including blood pressure and heart rate), cardiac rhythm, and peripheral pulses are the first indicators to assess for decreased fluid volume. Hypovolemia often manifests as tachycardia, hypotension, and weak peripheral pulses, which are critical early signs of fluid depletion.
C. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and daily weight are useful in assessing kidney function and long-term fluid status, but they may not be as immediate indicators of acute fluid volume changes in the immediate postoperative period.
D. Respiratory rate, depth, and pulse oximetry are important for assessing respiratory function and oxygenation. While fluid volume imbalances can impact respiratory function, these parameters are not the most direct indicators of fluid volume status.