The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a severe headache. When the prescribed dose of analgesics did not cause relief, the client took double the dosage 1 hour later. The nurse should assess the client for what adverse effect?
An allergic reaction
Anaphylactic reaction
Poisoning
Sedative effects
The Correct Answer is C
A. An allergic reaction is a possible response to medication, but it is not directly related to doubling the dosage.
B. Anaphylactic reaction is a severe and rapid allergic response; while possible, it is not the most likely consequence of an overdose in this context.
C. Poisoning is a likely concern when a client takes double the prescribed dosage of analgesics, especially if the medication has a narrow therapeutic index or is known to cause toxicity at high doses.
D. Sedative effects could occur depending on the analgesic used, but poisoning is a more pressing concern following an overdose.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Spontaneous bleeding after taking an anticoagulant is a secondary action that occurs due to the anticoagulant's effect on blood clotting, which is an undesired effect when it leads to excessive bleeding.
B. Dizziness after starting an antihypertensive is a common secondary action related to the lowering of blood pressure, which can lead to hypotension and resultant dizziness.
C. Drowsiness after taking an antihistamine is a well-known secondary action, especially with first-generation antihistamines, which can cause sedation as a side effect.
D. Diarrhea after taking an antibiotic is a secondary action that can occur due to disruption of the normal gut flora, leading to gastrointestinal upset. All these examples illustrate secondary effects of medications.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Constricted pupils are not an expected response to isoproterenol, which generally causes dilation of the pupils due to sympathetic stimulation.
B. Warm, dry skin is not a direct indicator of the effectiveness of isoproterenol; it could result from various factors unrelated to the medication's action.
C. Increased heart rate indicates that isoproterenol, which is a beta-agonist, is effectively stimulating the beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased cardiac output and heart rate.
D. Decreased urine output is not a sign of effectiveness and could indicate adverse effects such as reduced renal perfusion.