The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a severe headache. When the prescribed dose of analgesics did not cause relief, the client took double the dosage 1 hour later. The nurse should assess the client for what adverse effect?
An allergic reaction
Anaphylactic reaction
Poisoning
Sedative effects
The Correct Answer is C
A. An allergic reaction is a possible response to medication, but it is not directly related to doubling the dosage.
B. Anaphylactic reaction is a severe and rapid allergic response; while possible, it is not the most likely consequence of an overdose in this context.
C. Poisoning is a likely concern when a client takes double the prescribed dosage of analgesics, especially if the medication has a narrow therapeutic index or is known to cause toxicity at high doses.
D. Sedative effects could occur depending on the analgesic used, but poisoning is a more pressing concern following an overdose.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Rebound hypertension can occur if antihypertensive medications are abruptly stopped, but it is not a direct reason for switching from an ACE inhibitor to an angiotensin II receptor blocker.
B. A persistent cough is a well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors due to the accumulation of bradykinin. If the client experienced this side effect, it would likely prompt the healthcare provider to switch to an angiotensin II receptor blocker, which does not typically cause this issue.
C. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) would require urgent intervention but is not a reason for changing from an ACE inhibitor to an angiotensin II receptor blocker.
D. Non-adherence to ACE inhibitor treatment may lead to ineffective blood pressure control but would not directly justify a switch to a different class of medication.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Spontaneous bleeding after taking an anticoagulant is a secondary action that occurs due to the anticoagulant's effect on blood clotting, which is an undesired effect when it leads to excessive bleeding.
B. Dizziness after starting an antihypertensive is a common secondary action related to the lowering of blood pressure, which can lead to hypotension and resultant dizziness.
C. Drowsiness after taking an antihistamine is a well-known secondary action, especially with first-generation antihistamines, which can cause sedation as a side effect.
D. Diarrhea after taking an antibiotic is a secondary action that can occur due to disruption of the normal gut flora, leading to gastrointestinal upset. All these examples illustrate secondary effects of medications.