The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a dry-non productive cough associated with an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following drugs is an alternative to ACE inhibitors?
losartan (Cozaar)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
furosemide (Lasix)
hydralazine HCL (Apresoline)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that serves as an effective alternative to ACE inhibitors, particularly for patients who experience cough as a side effect.
B. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, which is not a direct alternative to ACE inhibitors and is used for different indications such as heart rate and blood pressure control.
C. Furosemide is a diuretic that does not directly substitute for the actions of ACE inhibitors.
D. Hydralazine is a direct vasodilator used for hypertension but does not share the same mechanism as ACE inhibitors or serve as a direct alternative.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hypokalemia can occur with some antihypertensives, but it is more associated with diuretics rather than ACE inhibitors. Vomiting is not a common side effect.
B. A dry, non-productive cough is a well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors, which the nurse should specifically assess for during follow-up.
C. Epistaxis (nosebleed) and headache are not common or specific side effects associated with ACE inhibitors.
D. Nausea and vomiting can occur with various medications, but they are not specifically indicative of ACE inhibitor use.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Lung function tests are not relevant to atorvastatin therapy; they are more commonly associated with medications affecting the respiratory system.
B. Platelet counts are not routinely monitored for patients on atorvastatin unless there are specific concerns related to bleeding or clotting.
C. Liver function tests are critical for patients on atorvastatin because the medication can cause liver enzyme elevations, indicating potential hepatotoxicity. Routine monitoring ensures early detection of any liver complications.
D. Hemoglobin levels are not specifically related to atorvastatin use and are generally monitored in contexts involving anemia or bleeding.