The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a dry-non productive cough associated with an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following drugs is an alternative to ACE inhibitors?
losartan (Cozaar)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
furosemide (Lasix)
hydralazine HCL (Apresoline)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that serves as an effective alternative to ACE inhibitors, particularly for patients who experience cough as a side effect.
B. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, which is not a direct alternative to ACE inhibitors and is used for different indications such as heart rate and blood pressure control.
C. Furosemide is a diuretic that does not directly substitute for the actions of ACE inhibitors.
D. Hydralazine is a direct vasodilator used for hypertension but does not share the same mechanism as ACE inhibitors or serve as a direct alternative.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hypocalcemia is not directly linked to digoxin toxicity; rather, it is more associated with calcium channel blockers.
B. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity, as low potassium levels can enhance the effects of digoxin on the heart.
C. Hyperkalemia is not directly associated with toxicity; however, it can cause complications in patients taking digoxin.
D. Hypernatremia does not have a direct impact on digoxin toxicity; monitoring potassium levels is more critical.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hypokalemia can occur with some antihypertensives, but it is more associated with diuretics rather than ACE inhibitors. Vomiting is not a common side effect.
B. A dry, non-productive cough is a well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors, which the nurse should specifically assess for during follow-up.
C. Epistaxis (nosebleed) and headache are not common or specific side effects associated with ACE inhibitors.
D. Nausea and vomiting can occur with various medications, but they are not specifically indicative of ACE inhibitor use.