The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a dry-non productive cough associated with an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following drugs is an alternative to ACE inhibitors?
losartan (Cozaar)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
furosemide (Lasix)
hydralazine HCL (Apresoline)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that serves as an effective alternative to ACE inhibitors, particularly for patients who experience cough as a side effect.
B. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, which is not a direct alternative to ACE inhibitors and is used for different indications such as heart rate and blood pressure control.
C. Furosemide is a diuretic that does not directly substitute for the actions of ACE inhibitors.
D. Hydralazine is a direct vasodilator used for hypertension but does not share the same mechanism as ACE inhibitors or serve as a direct alternative.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Calcium channel blockers primarily decrease heart rate and contractility, not increase them.
B. While they can indirectly improve oxygen supply by reducing myocardial oxygen demand, they do not directly increase systemic oxygen.
C. This option accurately describes the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers, which decrease heart contractility and conduction through the AV node, helping to manage dysrhythmias.
D. Calcium channel blockers do not act on beta cells; they specifically inhibit calcium influx into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Atenolol is a beta-blocker used for various cardiac conditions but is not typically the first-line treatment for acute ventricular dysrhythmias.
B. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which is not indicated for immediate management of ventricular dysrhythmias.
C. Procainamide is an antiarrhythmic medication specifically used to treat ventricular dysrhythmias and would be appropriate in this scenario.
D. Adenosine is typically used for rapid atrial dysrhythmias, not specifically for ventricular dysrhythmias, making procainamide the better choice.