The nurse is caring for a client who currently has a deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following medications would be administered to lyse existing clots? (Select All that Apply.)
Aspirin
Heparin
warfarin (Coumadin)
alteplase (Activase)
anistreplase (Eminase)
Correct Answer : D,E
A) Aspirin: While aspirin is an antiplatelet medication that can help prevent further clot formation, it does not have thrombolytic properties and does not directly lyse existing clots. Therefore, it is not appropriate for this purpose.
B) Heparin: Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent the extension of existing clots and reduce the risk of new clots forming, but it does not dissolve existing clots. It helps manage deep vein thrombosis but does not have thrombolytic activity.
C) Warfarin (Coumadin): Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that is used to prevent new clot formation and the growth of existing clots. However, like heparin, it does not actively lyse or dissolve existing clots.
D) Alteplase (Activase): This medication is a thrombolytic agent that actively dissolves blood clots by activating plasminogen to plasmin, leading to clot breakdown. It is appropriate for use in cases of deep vein thrombosis when clot lysis is indicated.
E) Anistreplase (Eminase): Similar to alteplase, anistreplase is another thrombolytic agent used to lyse existing clots. It acts by converting plasminogen to plasmin, effectively breaking down fibrin in clots, making it suitable for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A) "Increase your potassium intake by eating more bananas and apricots.": Doxazosin is not a potassium-sparing medication, and there is no specific indication for increased potassium intake with this drug. This advice may be misleading, especially since excessive
potassium can pose risks, particularly in certain populations.
B) "Weigh yourself daily, and report any weight loss to your prescriber.": Daily weighing can be important for monitoring fluid retention in some conditions, but weight loss is not a common side effect of doxazosin. Instead, clients should be more concerned about weight gain due to fluid retention or potential side effects from the medication.
C) "The impaired taste associated with this medication usually goes away in 2 to 3 weeks.": Impaired taste is not a well-documented side effect of doxazosin. While some medications may cause changes in taste, this statement is not relevant for doxazosin and does not address the most critical aspects of its administration.
D) "Be sure to lie down after taking the first dose, because first-dose hypotension may make you dizzy.": This statement is accurate and important. Doxazosin can cause first-dose hypotension, leading to dizziness or fainting. Advising the client to lie down after the first dose helps mitigate the risk of hypotensive effects, making this the most appropriate emphasis for the nurse.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Beta Blockers: While beta blockers can be used to manage some side effects of various medications, they are not typically indicated for managing niacin-induced flushing. Their primary use is in cardiovascular conditions rather than specifically addressing flushing.
B) Calcium Channel Blockers: Calcium channel blockers are primarily used to treat hypertension and certain heart conditions. They do not specifically address the flushing associated with niacin and would not be the expected choice for this side effect.
C) NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be effective in managing niacin-induced flushing. Administering an NSAID, such as ibuprofen, prior to taking niacin can help reduce the flushing response by inhibiting the prostaglandins that contribute to this side effect.
D) Fibric Acid Derivatives: These medications, such as gemfibrozil, are used to lower triglycerides and cholesterol levels, but they do not address the flushing side effect caused by niacin. Their mechanism of action is different and not focused on alleviating flushing symptoms.