The nurse is assessing a school-aged child with sickle-cell anemia. Which assessment finding is consistent with this child’s diagnosis?
Slightly yellow sclera.
Depigmented areas on the abdomen.
Enlarged mandibular growth.
Increased growth of long bones.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Slightly yellow sclera, or jaundice, is a common finding in children with sickle cell anemia. The breakdown of sickled red blood cells leads to increased bilirubin levels in the blood, which can cause jaundice. This yellowing is often most noticeable in the sclera of the eyes. Jaundice is a result of hemolysis, a hallmark of sickle cell anemia, where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced.
Choice B rationale
Depigmented areas on the abdomen are not typically associated with sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia primarily affects the blood and organs, leading to complications such as pain crises, anemia, and organ damage. Skin changes like depigmentation are not characteristic of this condition and may indicate other underlying issues.
Choice C rationale
Enlarged mandibular growth is not a common finding in sickle cell anemia. While children with sickle cell anemia may experience growth delays and skeletal abnormalities due to chronic anemia and bone marrow hyperactivity, mandibular enlargement is not a typical feature. Skeletal changes in sickle cell anemia are more likely to involve long bones and vertebrae.
Choice D rationale
Increased growth of long bones is not a characteristic finding in sickle cell anemia. In fact, children with sickle cell anemia may experience growth delays and shorter stature due to chronic anemia and the body’s increased demand for red blood cell production. The condition can lead to skeletal abnormalities, but these typically involve bone infarctions and deformities rather than increased growth.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A sputum culture can help identify respiratory infections but is not definitive for diagnosing cystic fibrosis.
Choice B rationale
Stool fat content analysis can indicate malabsorption issues but is not specific to cystic fibrosis.
Choice C rationale
Pulmonary function tests assess lung function but do not confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
Choice D rationale
The sweat chloride test is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis. It measures the concentration of chloride in sweat, which is elevated in individuals with cystic fibrosis due to defective chloride transport in sweat glands.
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for children at 12-15 months of age. This vaccine protects against three serious diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. Measles can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, mumps can lead to meningitis and hearing loss, and rubella can cause congenital rubella syndrome in unborn babies if a pregnant woman is infected.
Choice B rationale
The Rotavirus (RV) vaccine is typically given to infants at 2, 4, and sometimes 6 months of age. It is not recommended for children older than 8 months.
Choice C rationale
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for preteens starting at age 11 or 12. It is not given to 1-year-old children.
Choice D rationale
The Varicella (VAR) vaccine is recommended for children at 12-15 months of age to protect against chickenpox, which can cause severe skin infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis.
Choice E rationale
The Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule for children, with doses given at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 months of age. This vaccine protects against three serious diseases: diphtheria, which can cause breathing problems and heart failure; tetanus, which can cause muscle stiffness and lockjaw; and pertussis (whooping cough), which can cause severe coughing spells and pneumonia.