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The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The client reports leg pain and cramping after walking a few blocks, which is relieved when the client stops and rests. The nurse documents that the client is experiencing which clinical manifestation?

Intermittent claudication

Neuropathy

Deep vein thrombosis

Venous insufficiency

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Intermittent claudication: This term describes the leg pain and cramping that occurs during physical activity, such as walking, and is relieved by rest. It is a classic symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and results from insufficient blood flow to the muscles due to narrowed or blocked arteries. The client's description aligns perfectly with this definition.

B) Neuropathy: While neuropathy can cause leg pain, it typically presents differently, often with sensations like tingling, numbness, or burning rather than cramping during activity. Neuropathy does not specifically correlate with the pattern of pain relief upon resting, which is characteristic of intermittent claudication.

C) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): DVT generally presents with symptoms like swelling, warmth, and tenderness in the affected leg, rather than cramping pain that is related to activity. The pain associated with DVT is not typically relieved by rest, making this option inconsistent with the client’s symptoms.

D) Venous insufficiency: This condition is characterized by symptoms such as swelling, varicosities, and skin changes, primarily in the lower extremities. Pain related to venous insufficiency tends to occur after prolonged standing or sitting and is not typically relieved by rest in the same way as intermittent claudication. Therefore, this option does not accurately describe the client’s experience.

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A. Apply cold therapy to the affected leg. B. Monitor Homan's sign. C. Obtain a venous duplex ultrasound. D. Obtain impedance plethysmography.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Apply cold therapy to the affected leg: Cold therapy may be used for certain conditions to reduce swelling and pain, but in the case of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) indicated by redness, warmth, tenderness, and pain in the calf, cold therapy is not appropriate. Instead, the focus should be on confirming the diagnosis before applying any treatment.

B) Monitor Homan's sign: Homan's sign involves dorsiflexion of the foot to assess for pain in the calf, which can suggest DVT. However, it is no longer considered a reliable diagnostic tool. Instead, confirmation through imaging or other diagnostic measures is preferred, so simply monitoring this sign would not be sufficient in this situation.

C) Obtain a venous duplex ultrasound: A venous duplex ultrasound is the gold standard for

diagnosing DVT. Given the client’s symptoms—redness, warmth, tenderness, and pain in the calf—the appropriate order is to obtain this ultrasound to confirm the presence of a thrombus. This imaging study provides critical information for diagnosis and subsequent management.

D) Obtain impedance plethysmography: While impedance plethysmography can assess venous flow and help diagnose DVT, it is less commonly used than venous duplex ultrasound. The more direct and widely accepted method for diagnosing DVT in this scenario is the ultrasound, making this option less suitable as the initial order.

A. "Diuretics are the first line therapy to control hypertension." B. "Reaching your goal blood pressure will occur within 2 months." C. "Plan to add saturated fats to 10 percent of your daily calorie intake." D. "Limit your alcohol consumption to three drinks a day."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Diuretics are the first line therapy to control hypertension.": This statement is accurate. Thiazide diuretics are commonly recommended as first-line treatment for mild hypertension, as they help reduce blood volume and lower blood pressure effectively.

B. "Reaching your goal blood pressure will occur within 2 months.": While treatment can lead to improvements in blood pressure, the timeline for reaching target levels can vary significantly among individuals based on adherence to lifestyle changes and medication. It's important to communicate that achieving the goal may take longer than two months.

C. "Plan to add saturated fats to 10 percent of your daily calorie intake.": This recommendation is misleading. Guidelines generally suggest limiting saturated fats to less than 10 percent of total daily calories to promote heart health, not adding them.

D. "Limit your alcohol consumption to three drinks a day.": This statement is also inaccurate. For most adults, the recommendation is to limit alcohol to no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women to help manage blood pressure effectively.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is caring for a client who reports an area of redness, warmth, tenderness and pain in the right calf. The nurse anticipates which of the following orders when notifying the provider of this finding?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client just diagnosed with mild hypertension. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is being administered spironolactone (Aldactone). Which of the following laboratory values should be monitored due to taking this medication?

The nurse is planning to teach a client with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) about measures to limit disease progression. Which interventions would the nurse include for this client? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is completing the medical reconciliation on an elderly client taking several medications. Which of the following prescribed medications places this client at risk for orthostatic hypotension? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is providing a client with teaching regarding a new diagnosis of peripheral venous disease (PVD). Which client statement indicates the client understood the education provided? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is planning to assign tasks for a group of clients. Which of the following tasks should the nurse delegate to an assistive personnel (AP)? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse is educating the patient about the diagnosis of hypertension. Which statement made by the nurse is most accurate?

A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic venous insufficiency. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. The nurse should recognize which is incompatible with warfarin?

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