The nurse is asked to describe what the heart sound S2 represents. What would be the correct response by the nurse?
Closure of the pulmonic and mitral valves
Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves
Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves
Closure of the aortic and mitral valves
Closure of the pulmonic and tricuspid valves
The Correct Answer is C
A. The closure of the pulmonic and mitral valves corresponds to heart sound S1, not S2.
B. The tricuspid and mitral valves close with S1.
C. Heart sound S2 represents the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves, signaling the end of systole and the beginning of diastole.
D. The mitral valve closes with S1, not S2.
E. The pulmonic and tricuspid valves do not correspond with S2.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Fluid restriction by mouth is not typically necessary with opioid administration unless other health conditions require it.
B. A low salt diet is unrelated to opioid administration unless there are concurrent health issues like hypertension or fluid retention.
C. A chest x-ray is not indicated solely due to opioid use.
D. Stool softener medication is commonly prescribed alongside opioid medications because opioids frequently cause constipation due to reduced gastrointestinal motility.
E. Antidiarrheal medication is not needed, as opioids are more likely to cause constipation rather than diarrhea.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Cutaneous pain refers to pain from the skin and subcutaneous tissues, which is not described here.
B. Parasympathetic pain is not a recognized category of pain.
C. Visceral pain arises from internal organs and does not typically present as sharp, tingling, or numb.
D. Deep somatic pain is related to muscles, joints, and bones and typically does not have the sharp, tingling quality described.
E. Neuropathic pain is characterized by sharp, tingling sensations and numbness, often resulting from nerve damage, which fits the client's description.