The charge nurse is performing an Inservice regarding the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy. Which of the following antibiotics should the nurse include regarding the potential to cause QT prolongation?(Select All that Apply)
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillin's
Macrolides
Beta-Lactams
Cephalosporins
Correct Answer : A,C
A. Fluoroquinolones: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, are known to have the potential to prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias like Torsades de Pointes.
B. Penicillins: Penicillins do not typically cause QT prolongation. Their adverse effects are more likely to include allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances.
C. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin and erythromycin, are associated with QT interval prolongation and an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
D. Beta-Lactams: Beta-lactams, which include penicillins and cephalosporins, are not commonly associated with QT prolongation. They are more likely to cause allergic reactions.
E. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins are not typically associated with QT prolongation. They share a similar beta-lactam structure to penicillins.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Stops fungal growth: Methotrexate is not an antifungal medication. This mechanism of action applies to drugs like azoles or polyenes, which are used to treat fungal infections.
B. Alters pH level: Altering pH is a mechanism used by some antacids or alkalinizing agents, not methotrexate.
C. Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis. This inhibition impairs DNA synthesis, which is crucial in treating leukemia and other cancers.
D. Inhibits helper T cells: This mechanism of action is more closely related to immunosuppressive agents like cyclosporine or tacrolimus, which are used for preventing transplant rejection.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Regular sun exposure is needed to maximize drug efficacy: This is incorrect; in fact, doxycycline can cause photosensitivity, and sun exposure should be minimized.
B. Avoid water while taking this medication: Water should be taken with doxycycline to help prevent esophageal irritation.
C. Take this medication with antacids to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms: Antacids can also interfere with doxycycline absorption, so they should be avoided.
D. Avoid dairy products when taking this medication: Dairy products can bind to doxycycline and reduce its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which decreases its effectiveness. The client should avoid dairy when taking the medication.