The charge nurse is performing an Inservice regarding the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy. Which of the following antibiotics should the nurse include regarding the potential to cause QT prolongation?(Select All that Apply)
Fluoroquinolones
Penicillin's
Macrolides
Beta-Lactams
Cephalosporins
Correct Answer : A,C
A. Fluoroquinolones: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, are known to have the potential to prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias like Torsades de Pointes.
B. Penicillins: Penicillins do not typically cause QT prolongation. Their adverse effects are more likely to include allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances.
C. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin and erythromycin, are associated with QT interval prolongation and an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
D. Beta-Lactams: Beta-lactams, which include penicillins and cephalosporins, are not commonly associated with QT prolongation. They are more likely to cause allergic reactions.
E. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins are not typically associated with QT prolongation. They share a similar beta-lactam structure to penicillins.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Alcohol consumption: Metronidazole has a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, which can cause severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and tachycardia. Clients should avoid alcohol during and for at least 48 hours after the completion of metronidazole therapy.
B. Tyramine-based foods: Avoiding tyramine-rich foods is important with certain MAOIs due to the risk of hypertensive crisis, not with metronidazole.
C. Apple Juice: There is no significant interaction between metronidazole and apple juice.
D. Soy beans: Soybeans do not have an interaction with metronidazole.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Medications will need to be taken until the Mantoux test is negative: The Mantoux test (PPD) is used for diagnosis, not for monitoring treatment efficacy.
B. A typical course of treatment usually involves 6 months of consistent medication use. TB treatment typically requires at least 6 months of consistent medication adherence to fully eradicate the bacteria and prevent resistance.
C. Medications will need to be taken for the rest of the client's life, even if the client feels better: This is inaccurate. TB treatment is time-limited, though the full course must be completed.
D. The client's family will also need to take medications to prevent infection: Prophylactic treatment is not usually required for all family members, though they may need screening.