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Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of

A.

pyelitis

B.

diabetes mellitus

C.

renal calculus

D.

acute glomerulonephritis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Pyelitis is an infection of the renal pelvis and does not cause sweet-smelling urine.

 

B. Diabetes mellitus often causes glycosuria (glucose in urine), which can make urine taste sweet.

 

C. Renal calculus (kidney stones) does not affect urine sweetness.

 

D. Acute glomerulonephritis affects kidney function and urine appearance but does not specifically cause sweet-smelling urine.
 


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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Diuretics increase urine output by inhibiting the reabsorption of water and sodium in the kidneys, which leads to increased water loss. This action is opposite to water conservation, making this the correct answer.

B. The counter current exchange system in the kidneys helps conserve water by maintaining a high osmolarity in the medulla, which facilitates the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts. This system contributes to water conservation.

C. The collecting duct plays a crucial role in water reabsorption. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, contributing to water conservation.

D. The counter current multiplier is a mechanism in the loop of Henle that creates a concentration gradient in the kidney medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption in the collecting ducts. It contributes to water conservation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Glomerular capillaries are involved in the filtration of blood to form the glomerular filtrate, not in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids.

B. Proximal convoluted tubule is where the majority of glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream.

C. Renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule and is involved in the filtration process, not in reabsorption.

D. Distal convoluted tubule is involved in the fine-tuning of electrolyte and acid-base balance, not in the primary reabsorption of glucose and amino acids.

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