Which condition is most likely related to diabetic-induced complications?
Autonomic neuropathy.
Diabetic-induced leukocyte depletion.
Diabetic-induced angiopathy.
Overdrive of the RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system).
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes and can affect various autonomic functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. It is caused by damage to the autonomic nerves due to prolonged high blood sugar levels.
Choice B rationale
Diabetic-induced leukocyte depletion is not a recognized complication of diabetes. Diabetes primarily affects blood vessels and nerves rather than causing leukocyte depletion.
Choice C rationale
Diabetic-induced angiopathy refers to damage to blood vessels caused by diabetes. While it is a recognized complication, autonomic neuropathy is more directly related to diabetic-induced complications.
Choice D rationale
Overdrive of the RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) is not a specific complication of diabetes. While diabetes can affect the RAAS, it is not the most likely condition related to diabetic-induced complications.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness and cramps, but it does not typically lead to severe muscle spasms causing exhaustion. The patient’s symptoms of lethargy and weakness are more likely related to electrolyte imbalances and dehydration rather than muscle spasms.
Choice B rationale
While low potassium levels can affect cellular metabolism, the primary issue here is not glycolysis. The patient’s symptoms are more consistent with dehydration and electrolyte imbalances rather than a metabolic shift to glycolysis.
Choice C rationale
Hypokalemia can cause cells to become hyperpolarized, leading to muscle weakness and decreased reflexes. However, the patient’s symptoms of lethargy and weakness are more likely due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances rather than cellular hyperpolarization.
Choice D rationale
Hypernatremia, or high sodium levels, can cause cellular dehydration, leading to symptoms such as lethargy and weakness. The patient’s lab results and clinical presentation are consistent with hypernatremia-induced cellular dehydration, which explains his symptoms.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A hemorrhagic brain attack (stroke) is less common than an ischemic brain attack. Ischemic strokes account for the majority of strokes.
Choice B rationale
Thrombolytic drugs are used to treat ischemic strokes, not hemorrhagic strokes. They do not cause hyper-reactive reflexes.
Choice C rationale
A hemorrhagic brain attack requires immediate intervention to prevent further damage. Hemorrhagic strokes involve bleeding in the brain, which can rapidly worsen and cause severe damage.
Choice D rationale
An ischemic brain attack is not necessarily less severe than a hemorrhagic brain attack. Both types of strokes are serious, but hemorrhagic strokes often require more urgent intervention due to the risk of ongoing bleeding.