A nurse is reviewing safety measures with a group of parents to prevent burn injuries for toddlers. Which of the following safety measures should the nurse include in the teaching?
Keep electrical wires hidden from view.
Encourage outdoor activities between the hours of 1100 and 1300.
Set the water heater to 60°C (140°F).
Turn pot handles toward the front of the stove.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Keeping electrical wires hidden from view is essential to prevent toddlers from pulling on them, which can lead to electrical burns or other injuries. It is a proactive measure to ensure a safe environment for children who are naturally curious and prone to exploring with their hands.
Choice B rationale
Encouraging outdoor activities between the hours of 1100 and 1300 can expose toddlers to the sun’s peak intensity, increasing the risk of sunburn. It is safer to encourage outdoor activities outside these hours when the sun is less intense.
Choice C rationale
Setting the water heater to 60°C (140°F) is too high and poses a scalding risk. The recommended temperature to prevent burns is 49°C (120°F), which is hot enough for household use but not so hot as to cause immediate burns upon contact.
Choice D rationale
Turning pot handles toward the front of the stove is dangerous as it increases the risk of toddlers reaching up and pulling hot contents onto themselves. The correct practice is to turn pot handles toward the back of the stove to keep them out of reach of children.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Rotavirus vaccination is typically administered in infancy, not at 5 years of age. The rotavirus vaccine is given to infants to protect against rotavirus infections, which can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration in young children. By the age of 5, children have usually completed the rotavirus vaccination series.
Choice B rationale
Hepatitis B vaccination is also typically completed in infancy. The hepatitis B vaccine is given to infants to protect against hepatitis B virus infection, which can cause chronic liver disease and liver cancer. By the age of 5, children who are up-to-date with their immunizations have usually completed the hepatitis B vaccination series.
Choice C rationale
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination is typically completed by 15 months of age. The Hib vaccine protects against infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, such as meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis. By the age of 5, children who are up-to-date with their immunizations have usually completed the Hib vaccination series.
Choice D rationale
The second dose of the varicella vaccine is usually given at 4-6 years of age. The varicella vaccine protects against chickenpox, a highly contagious viral infection that causes an itchy rash and fever. Administering the second dose of the varicella vaccine at this age helps ensure that the child has adequate immunity against chickenpox.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
An adolescent with a urinary tract infection (UTI) is not at high risk for insufficient vascular perfusion. UTIs primarily affect the urinary system and do not typically impact vascular perfusion.
Choice B rationale
A toddler receiving intravenous fluids is not at high risk for insufficient vascular perfusion. IV fluids help maintain hydration and vascular volume, supporting adequate perfusion.
Choice C rationale
A preschooler with otitis media (ear infection) is not at high risk for insufficient vascular perfusion. Otitis media affects the middle ear and does not typically impact vascular perfusion.
Choice D rationale
A school-age child in a spica cast is at high risk for insufficient vascular perfusion. The cast can restrict blood flow, leading to complications such as compartment syndrome, which requires immediate medical attention.