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A nurse is caring for a client who had a vaginal delivery 2 hr ago and is reporting increasing perineal pain and pressure. The nurse examines the client's perineum and sees a 4 cm (1.6 in) area of purplish discoloration with swelling. The nurse should interpret these findings as which of the following?

 

A.

A hematoma.

B.

Retained placental fragments.

C.

A laceration.

D.

Ecchymosis.

E.

Ecchymosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

A hematoma presents as a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, causing a purplish discoloration and swelling, often resulting from trauma during delivery.

 

Choice B rationale

Retained placental fragments may cause postpartum hemorrhage and infection but would not present as a localized purplish swelling on the perineum.

 

Choice C rationale

A laceration would involve a tear in the tissue, causing bleeding and pain, but not necessarily a purplish discoloration with localized swelling unless associated with a hematoma.

 

Choice D rationale

Ecchymosis refers to bruising but is typically a more diffuse discoloration rather than a localized swelling and purplish area as seen with a hematoma.


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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Gaining 2 pounds per week throughout the rest of pregnancy is excessive and not recommended. Normal weight gain is approximately 1 pound per week in the second and third trimesters.

Choice B rationale

Dieting during pregnancy can lead to inadequate nutrient intake for both the mother and the developing fetus. It is essential to focus on a balanced diet rather than trying to lose weight.

Choice C rationale

Meeting with a dietitian can help the client assess their nutritional needs and develop a healthy eating plan to support their pregnancy, ensuring both maternal and fetal health.

Choice D rationale

Eating an additional 700 calories per day is too high. Generally, an additional 300-500 calories per day is recommended during the second and third trimesters to support pregnancy.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Variable decelerations are associated with umbilical cord compression, not placenta previa. In placenta previa, the placenta covers the cervical os, but it does not typically cause

variable decelerations on fetal monitoring.

Choice B rationale

Painless vaginal bleeding is a hallmark sign of placenta previa. This occurs because the placenta is located near or over the cervical os, leading to bleeding when the cervix dilates

or effaces.

Choice C rationale

A rigid abdomen is more indicative of placental abruption, where the placenta detaches prematurely from the uterine wall, causing pain and a tense abdomen, not typically seen in

placenta previa.

Choice D rationale

Uterine tachysystole is characterized by excessive uterine contractions and is not a clinical finding related to placenta previa. Tachysystole often results from excessive oxytocin use

or other uterine stimulants.

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