A nurse is caring for a client who had a vaginal delivery 2 hr ago and is reporting increasing perineal pain and pressure. The nurse examines the client's perineum and sees a 4 cm (1.6 in) area of purplish discoloration with swelling. The nurse should interpret these findings as which of the following?
A hematoma.
Retained placental fragments.
A laceration.
Ecchymosis.
Ecchymosis.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A hematoma presents as a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, causing a purplish discoloration and swelling, often resulting from trauma during delivery.
Choice B rationale
Retained placental fragments may cause postpartum hemorrhage and infection but would not present as a localized purplish swelling on the perineum.
Choice C rationale
A laceration would involve a tear in the tissue, causing bleeding and pain, but not necessarily a purplish discoloration with localized swelling unless associated with a hematoma.
Choice D rationale
Ecchymosis refers to bruising but is typically a more diffuse discoloration rather than a localized swelling and purplish area as seen with a hematoma.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Instituting droplet precautions is not necessary for herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids or lesions, not through respiratory droplets.
Choice B rationale
Administering ceftriaxone sodium is not appropriate for HSV. Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, whereas HSV is a viral infection and requires antiviral treatment.
Choice C rationale
Informing the client they should bottlefeed the newborn is not necessary. Mothers with HSV can breastfeed as long as there are no herpetic lesions on the breast. Proper hand hygiene and preventive measures should be taken to avoid transmission.
Choice D rationale
Obtaining surface cultures from the newborn is the appropriate action. This helps in detecting the presence of HSV and initiating antiviral treatment if necessary. Early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing severe complications associated with neonatal HSV infection.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Feeding from only one breast can lead to engorgement and a decrease in milk supply in the affected breast. It is important to continue breastfeeding from both breasts, even if one is infected.
Choice B rationale
Discarding milk is not necessary and can lead to a decrease in milk supply. The infection does not harm the baby, and breastfeeding helps to drain the breast and clear the infection.
Choice C rationale
Moist heat can help to increase blood flow and promote healing in the affected breast. Applying warm compresses or taking warm showers can help to reduce pain and inflammation associated with mastitis.
Choice D rationale
While staying hydrated is important for overall health, there is no specific requirement to drink at least 1500 milliliters of fluid per day for mastitis. Adequate fluid intake should be maintained, but there is no direct correlation with resolving the infection.