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A nurse is caring for a client who had a vaginal delivery 2 hr ago and is reporting increasing perineal pain and pressure. The nurse examines the client's perineum and sees a 4 cm (1.6 in) area of purplish discoloration with swelling. The nurse should interpret these findings as which of the following?

 

A.

A hematoma.

B.

Retained placental fragments.

C.

A laceration.

D.

Ecchymosis.

E.

Ecchymosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

A hematoma presents as a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, causing a purplish discoloration and swelling, often resulting from trauma during delivery.

 

Choice B rationale

Retained placental fragments may cause postpartum hemorrhage and infection but would not present as a localized purplish swelling on the perineum.

 

Choice C rationale

A laceration would involve a tear in the tissue, causing bleeding and pain, but not necessarily a purplish discoloration with localized swelling unless associated with a hematoma.

 

Choice D rationale

Ecchymosis refers to bruising but is typically a more diffuse discoloration rather than a localized swelling and purplish area as seen with a hematoma.


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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Preparing for a cesarean birth is not an immediate necessity unless there are complications that warrant such intervention. Cesarean births are typically reserved for situations where

vaginal delivery poses a risk to the mother or the baby.

Choice B rationale

Administering IV antibiotic prophylaxis is critical in preventing potential infections during the labor process, especially given the early gestation period. This helps in safeguarding both

the mother and the fetus from infections like group B streptococcus.

Choice C rationale

Obtaining a vaginal culture is generally done to check for infections such as bacterial vaginosis or sexually transmitted infections. However, it is not an immediate priority when the

patient is already in active labor.

Choice D rationale

Administering metronidazole orally is used to treat bacterial infections but is not an immediate action required in this scenario. Metronidazole may not be the most suitable choice

during labor as it does not provide immediate infection prevention.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Starting each feeding with the most sore breast can worsen the condition, as the infant initially sucks more vigorously at the beginning of a feeding. This might increase the pain and damage to the already sore breast.

Choice B rationale

Moisture-proof lining in breast pads can cause an accumulation of moisture, creating a breeding ground for bacteria. This can exacerbate soreness and lead to infections such as mastitis.

Choice C rationale

Breastfeeding less frequently can lead to engorgement and plugged ducts, which can further complicate breast soreness and potentially decrease milk supply. Regular feeding helps in maintaining milk flow and production.

Choice D rationale

Colostrum has natural healing properties, including immunoglobulins and growth factors, that can help heal sore and cracked nipples. Applying colostrum can promote faster recovery and reduce discomfort.

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