A nurse is assessing a 7-year-old child who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
Increased capillary refill.
Decreased appetite.
Thirst.
Shakiness.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Increased capillary refill time is not typically associated with hypoglycemia. It may indicate poor peripheral circulation but is not a common sign of low blood sugar levels.
Choice B rationale
Decreased appetite is not typically associated with hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia usually causes symptoms such as shakiness, sweating, and confusion.
Choice C rationale
Thirst is not typically associated with hypoglycemia. It is more commonly a symptom of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels).
Choice D rationale
Shakiness or tremors are common signs of hypoglycemia. When blood sugar levels drop, the body responds by releasing adrenaline, which can cause shakiness.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Engaging in parallel play is a normal developmental behavior for an 18-month-old toddler. It indicates that the child is beginning to interact with peers, even if they are not yet playing cooperatively.
Choice B rationale
Walking with assistance at 18 months may indicate a potential developmental delay. By this age, most toddlers should be able to walk independently. If a child is still requiring assistance, it may warrant further evaluation.
Choice C rationale
Speaking at least 10 words is within the expected developmental range for an 18-month-old. This milestone indicates that the child is developing language skills appropriately.
Choice D rationale
Building a tower of 3 blocks is a typical developmental milestone for an 18-month-old. It demonstrates fine motor skills and cognitive development.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Holding urine for extended periods may indicate urinary retention, which is not the desired outcome of treatment for enuresis. The goal of enuresis treatment is to help the child develop better bladder control and responsiveness to the need to urinate.
Choice B rationale
Kegel exercises primarily target pelvic floor muscles and may not directly address the underlying causes of enuresis. While Kegel exercises can be beneficial for strengthening pelvic muscles, they are not typically the primary focus of conditioning therapy for enuresis.
Choice C rationale
Waking to urinate in response to the alarm indicates improved bladder control and responsiveness to conditioning therapy for enuresis. This statement suggests that the child is becoming more aware of the need to urinate and is responding appropriately to the alarm, which is a positive sign of treatment effectiveness.
Choice D rationale
Drinking less may not necessarily indicate treatment effectiveness and could lead to dehydration. It is important for children to maintain adequate hydration, and reducing fluid intake is not a recommended strategy for managing enuresis.