A nurse is assessing a 7-year-old child who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?
Increased capillary refill.
Decreased appetite.
Thirst.
Shakiness.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Increased capillary refill time is not typically associated with hypoglycemia. It may indicate poor peripheral circulation but is not a common sign of low blood sugar levels.
Choice B rationale
Decreased appetite is not typically associated with hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia usually causes symptoms such as shakiness, sweating, and confusion.
Choice C rationale
Thirst is not typically associated with hypoglycemia. It is more commonly a symptom of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels).
Choice D rationale
Shakiness or tremors are common signs of hypoglycemia. When blood sugar levels drop, the body responds by releasing adrenaline, which can cause shakiness.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Having their cell phone visible and diverting the eyes to check messages is not an effective nonverbal technique for enhancing the importance of education. It can be distracting and may convey a lack of interest or attention to the client.
Choice B rationale
Crossing arms over the chest and avoiding eye contact can be perceived as defensive or disinterested body language. It does not enhance the importance of education and may create a barrier to effective communication.
Choice C rationale
Smiling, nodding, and touching the client’s hand are positive nonverbal techniques that can enhance the importance of education. These actions convey warmth, empathy, and attentiveness, making the client feel valued and understood.
Choice D rationale
Leaning gently over the back of a chair with legs crossed can be perceived as casual or relaxed body language. It does not convey the importance of the education being provided.
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is a blood test used to detect antibodies against streptolysin O, a substance produced by group A Streptococcus bacteria. Elevated ASO titers indicate a recent streptococcal infection, which is a common precursor to rheumatic fever.
Choice B rationale
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) measures the time it takes for blood to clot and is used to evaluate bleeding disorders. It is not relevant for diagnosing rheumatic fever, which is an inflammatory disease.
Choice C rationale
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measures kidney function and is not used to diagnose rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is diagnosed based on evidence of a preceding streptococcal infection and clinical criteria.
Choice D rationale
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that measures inflammation in the body. Elevated ESR levels are one of the minor criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever, indicating the presence of inflammation.
Choice E rationale
C-reactive protein (CRP) is another marker of inflammation. Elevated CRP levels are also one of the minor criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever, reflecting the inflammatory response in the body.