In which stage of the HIV lifecycle does the enzyme integrase play a crucial role, and what is its function in that stage?
Assembly. Integrase packages the viral RNA into new virions.
Integration: Integrase inserts viral DNA into the host's genome.
Entry: Integrase helps the virus fuse with the host cell membrane.
Reverse Transcription: Integrase copies viral RNA into DNA.
The Correct Answer is B
A. In the assembly stage, other proteins and enzymes are involved in the packaging of viral components into new virions, not integrase.
B. During the integration stage, integrase is essential as it inserts the newly formed viral DNA into the host's genome, enabling the virus to utilize the host's cellular machinery for replication.
C. Integrase does not participate in the entry stage; this stage is facilitated by other proteins that aid in the fusion of the virus with the host cell membrane.
D. Integrase is not involved in reverse transcription; that process is facilitated by the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which converts viral RNA into DNA.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. In the assembly stage, other proteins and enzymes are involved in the packaging of viral components into new virions, not integrase.
B. During the integration stage, integrase is essential as it inserts the newly formed viral DNA into the host's genome, enabling the virus to utilize the host's cellular machinery for replication.
C. Integrase does not participate in the entry stage; this stage is facilitated by other proteins that aid in the fusion of the virus with the host cell membrane.
D. Integrase is not involved in reverse transcription; that process is facilitated by the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which converts viral RNA into DNA.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Oliguria, or decreased urine output, is a common finding in hypovolemia due to reduced renal perfusion and decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
B. Hypertension is unlikely in hypovolemia; instead, clients typically exhibit hypotension due to decreased circulating blood volume.
C. Bradycardia is not a typical finding in hypovolemia; instead, tachycardia is more commonly observed as the body compensates for reduced blood volume.
D. Peripheral edema is associated with fluid overload rather than hypovolemia, as a decrease in blood volume usually leads to less fluid accumulation in the tissues.