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In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as:

A.

renal filtrate

B.

tubular fluid

C.

plasma

D.

glomerular filtrate

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Renal filtrate refers to the fluid filtered from the blood in the glomerulus, which is the initial stage of urine formation. It does not immediately precede urine. 

 

B. Tubular fluid is the filtrate as it passes through the nephron tubules, undergoing various processes like reabsorption and secretion. This fluid eventually becomes urine, after the final adjustments in the collecting duct.

 

C. Plasma is the liquid component of blood that is filtered by the glomerulus, but it is not the direct precursor to urine. 

 

D. Glomerular filtrate is the fluid filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus and is the precursor to tubular fluid, not directly to urine.


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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 20,000 to 30,000: This number is too high for the typical number of sperm that reach the vicinity of the egg.

B. 20 to 200: This number is within the range of the actual number of sperm that typically reach the vicinity of the egg.

C. Half: This is an exaggerated number, as far fewer than half of the ejaculated sperm reach the vicinity of the egg.

D. 2000 to 3000: This number is too high for the typical number of sperm that reach the vicinity of the egg.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein: The major chemical buffer systems in the body are the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer systems.

B. Glucose is not a buffering system; it is a primary energy source.

C. Magnesium is a mineral with various physiological roles but not a major chemical buffer system.

D. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism, not a buffer system.