In fetal circulation, blood bypasses the lungs by flowing through the
ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus
foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
fossa ovalis and umbilical arteries and vein
ligamentum venosum and ligamentum arteriosum
The Correct Answer is B
A. Ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus: The ductus venosus bypasses the liver, not the lungs. The ductus arteriosus does allow blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. However, this option is not entirely correct since the ductus venosus is not involved in bypassing the lungs.
B. Foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus: The foramen ovale allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs. The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, also bypassing the lungs.
C. Fossa ovalis and umbilical arteries and vein: The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the foramen ovale in adults and does not function in fetal circulation. The umbilical arteries and vein are involved in exchanging oxygenated and deoxygenated blood between the fetus and placenta, not bypassing the lungs.
D. Ligamentum venosum and ligamentum arteriosum: These are the adult remnants of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus, respectively. They do not play a role in fetal circulat
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Renal corpuscle: Blood plasma is filtered in the renal corpuscle, which includes the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
B. Renal capsule: The renal capsule is the outer protective layer of the kidney and does not filter blood plasma.
C. Renal tubule: The renal tubule is involved in reabsorption and secretion, not in the initial filtration of blood plasma.
D. Renal column: The renal column is a structural part of the kidney, not involved in filtering blood plasma.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Salivary glands are accessory organs of digestion as they secrete saliva containing enzymes to start digestion.
B. Liver is an accessory organ involved in digestion, particularly in bile production and processing nutrients.
C. Pancreas is an accessory organ that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
D. Spleen is not involved in digestion; it is primarily involved in immune function and blood filtration.