Heart sounds are loudest for S1 at the ______ and S2 at the _.
Right side of the heart.
Center of the heart.
Apex of the heart.
Base of the heart.
Left side of the heart.
Correct Answer : C,D
Choice A rationale
The right side of the heart is not specifically associated with the loudest heart sounds for S1 or S213.
Choice B rationale
The center of the heart is not specifically associated with the loudest heart sounds for S1 or S213.
Choice C rationale
The apex of the heart is where S1 is loudest. S1 is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves and is best heard at the apex.
Choice D rationale
The base of the heart is where S2 is loudest. S2 is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves and is best heard at the base.
Choice E rationale
The left side of the heart is not specifically associated with the loudest heart sounds for S1 or S213.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Observing pupil size when focusing on a near object and then a far object assesses the accommodation reflex. This reflex involves the pupils constricting when focusing on a near object and dilating when focusing on a far object. This response is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system and is a normal physiological reaction to changes in focal distance.
Choice B rationale
Determining if dilation of the pupils occurs when the room is darkened assesses the pupillary light reflex, not accommodation. The pupillary light reflex involves the pupils dilating in low light conditions to allow more light to enter the eye, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.
Choice C rationale
Noting the speed of pupil constriction when a penlight is shined into the eye assesses the direct and consensual light reflexes. This test evaluates the function of the optic and oculomotor nerves and is not related to the accommodation reflex.
Choice D rationale
Comparing the shape of each of the pupils bilaterally with normal room light assesses for anisocoria or differences in pupil size, which can indicate neurological issues. This assessment does not evaluate the accommodation reflex.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Asking specifically about alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and amounts provides a clear and direct approach to obtaining accurate information about the client’s substance use. This method helps in identifying potential health risks and planning appropriate care.
Choice B rationale
Using the term “illegal” or “illicit” to describe street drugs may cause the client to feel judged or defensive, which can hinder open communication. It is better to ask about specific substances directly.
Choice C rationale
Allowing the client to decline answering social questions may result in incomplete health history, which can affect the quality of care provided. It is important to encourage clients to share relevant information while ensuring confidentiality.
Choice D rationale
Obtaining a drug urine screen to verify the legitimacy of the client’s stated history is not an appropriate initial assessment technique. Trust and rapport should be established first through direct questioning.