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____________ happens in the cytoplasm, whereas _____________ happens in the mitochondrion.

A.

Aerobic respiration; anaerobic fermentation

B.

Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle

C.

The citric acid (Krebs) cycle; mitochondrial electron-transport

D.

Anaerobic fermentation; glycolysis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Aerobic respiration; anaerobic fermentation: Aerobic respiration primarily occurs in the mitochondrion, and anaerobic fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm. Therefore, this is incorrect.

 

B. Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, breaking down glucose into pyruvate. The citric acid (Krebs) cycle takes place in the mitochondrion, where it further processes pyruvate for energy production.

 

C. The citric acid (Krebs) cycle; mitochondrial electron-transport: Both the citric acid cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain occur in the mitochondrion.

 

D. Anaerobic fermentation; glycolysis: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic pathways, but anaerobic fermentation also occurs in the cytoplasm, so this option is not accurate in distinguishing between processes happening in different locations. 
 


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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Liver; small intestine: Carbohydrate and protein digestion do not begin in the liver or the small intestine. The liver is involved in metabolism but not in the initial digestion of carbohydrates or proteins.

B. Mouth; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, while protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin.

C. Small intestine; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and not the small intestine. Protein digestion starts in the stomach, not the small intestine.

D. Mouth; small intestine: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, but protein digestion begins in the stomach, not the small intestine.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Estrogen is a hormone involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, but it is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.

B. Luteinizing hormone (LH) surges just before ovulation but is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.

C. Progesterone supports pregnancy by maintaining the uterine lining, but it is not the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.

D. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone produced by the placenta shortly after implantation, and it is the hormone detected by pregnancy tests.

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