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____________ happens in the cytoplasm, whereas _____________ happens in the mitochondrion.

A.

Aerobic respiration; anaerobic fermentation

B.

Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle

C.

The citric acid (Krebs) cycle; mitochondrial electron-transport

D.

Anaerobic fermentation; glycolysis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Aerobic respiration; anaerobic fermentation: Aerobic respiration primarily occurs in the mitochondrion, and anaerobic fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm. Therefore, this is incorrect.

 

B. Glycolysis; the citric acid (Krebs) cycle: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, breaking down glucose into pyruvate. The citric acid (Krebs) cycle takes place in the mitochondrion, where it further processes pyruvate for energy production.

 

C. The citric acid (Krebs) cycle; mitochondrial electron-transport: Both the citric acid cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain occur in the mitochondrion.

 

D. Anaerobic fermentation; glycolysis: Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic pathways, but anaerobic fermentation also occurs in the cytoplasm, so this option is not accurate in distinguishing between processes happening in different locations. 
 


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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Mucosa (mucous membrane): The mucosa is the innermost layer of the digestive tract, not the outermost. It includes the epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.

B. Serosa (mesentery): The serosa is the outermost layer of the digestive tract in parts where it is covered by peritoneum. It consists of a thin layer of areolar tissue topped by simple squamous epithelium.

C. Muscularis externa: The muscularis externa is a layer of muscle in the digestive tract, located beneath the serosa. It is not the outermost layer.

D. Submucosa: The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue located between the mucosa and muscularis externa. It is not the outermost layer.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Wolffian refers to structures related to the male reproductive system during embryonic development, not to uterine contractions.

B. Masters Johnson: Masters and Johnson are known for their research in human sexual response, not for describing types of uterine contractions.

C. Graafian: Graafian refers to a mature ovarian follicle, which is unrelated to uterine contractions.

D. Braxton Hicks: Braxton Hicks contractions are irregular, non-labor contractions of the uterus often referred to as "false labor."

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