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Greene is an 85-year-old male placed on a 5150 by the crisis team after his nurse called them. He has taken a fall in his driveway after his dialysis. He has end-stage kidney disease, diabetes, and a history of myocardial infarction 4 years ago. He was living alone until his home health nurse found him crying out in pain, clutching onto his leg in the kitchen. “I’m so tired,” he says.Nortriptyline and some tricyclic antidepressants may be helpful with neuropathic pain but are often contraindicated in elderly clients such as Mr. Greene because (select the best answer)

A.

Are outdated medications

B.

Can increase cardiac side effects and urinary retention

C.

Are only taken at night

D.

Are expensive

E.

Are expensive

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:

While some may consider tricyclic antidepressants outdated, they are still used for certain conditions, including neuropathic pain. The primary concern with their use in elderly clients is not their age but their side effect profile.

 

Choice B reason:

Tricyclic antidepressants, including nortriptyline, can increase cardiac side effects and urinary retention, which are significant concerns in elderly clients. These medications can cause orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, and exacerbate urinary retention, making them less suitable for older adults with pre-existing health conditions.

 

Choice C reason:

The timing of medication administration (e.g., only taken at night) is not the primary issue with tricyclic antidepressants. The concern lies in their side effects, which can be particularly problematic for elderly clients.

 

Choice D reason:

While the cost of medication can be a factor in treatment decisions, it is not the primary reason tricyclic antidepressants are contraindicated in elderly clients. The main concern is their potential to cause serious side effects.


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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:

While some may consider tricyclic antidepressants outdated, they are still used for certain conditions, including neuropathic pain. The primary concern with their use in elderly clients is not their age but their side effect profile.

Choice B reason:

Tricyclic antidepressants, including nortriptyline, can increase cardiac side effects and urinary retention, which are significant concerns in elderly clients. These medications can cause orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, and exacerbate urinary retention, making them less suitable for older adults with pre-existing health conditions.

Choice C reason:

The timing of medication administration (e.g., only taken at night) is not the primary issue with tricyclic antidepressants. The concern lies in their side effects, which can be particularly problematic for elderly clients.

Choice D reason:

While the cost of medication can be a factor in treatment decisions, it is not the primary reason tricyclic antidepressants are contraindicated in elderly clients. The main concern is their potential to cause serious side effects.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Thought content refers to the actual ideas and themes that a person expresses. It includes what the person is thinking about, such as delusions, obsessions, or preoccupations. Assessing thought content involves understanding the specific topics and beliefs the patient discusses.

Choice B reason:

Thought process refers to the way in which thoughts are organized and connected. Describing a patient’s speech as hesitant, slow, and with thought blocking indicates issues with the thought process. Thought blocking, where a person’s speech is interrupted by sudden silences, suggests difficulty in maintaining a coherent flow of ideas.

Choice C reason:

Affect refers to the observable expression of emotion. It includes the patient’s facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language. While affect can provide clues about a person’s emotional state, it does not directly relate to the organization of their thoughts.

Choice D reason:

Mood refers to the patient’s sustained emotional state, such as feeling depressed, anxious, or euphoric. While mood can influence speech patterns, the description of hesitant, slow speech with thought blocking specifically pertains to thought process rather than mood.

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