During the initial interview of a patient, the nurse should: (Select all that apply.)
assess the language capabilities of the patient.
limit the interview to approximately 30 minutes.
assess comprehension abilities of the patient.
make the patient as comfortable as possible.
use open-ended questions.
obtain the patient's medical history from the primary care provider.
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
A. Assess the language capabilities of the patient. Understanding the patient’s language capabilities is essential for effective communication and ensuring that the patient can understand the questions being asked.
B. Limit the interview to approximately 30 minutes. While it’s important to manage time, the interview should be flexible based on the patient’s needs and the complexity of the issues being discussed. Rigidly limiting the time could hinder the quality of the assessment.
C. Assess comprehension abilities of the patient. Assessing comprehension helps the nurse determine whether the patient understands the information being provided and can respond appropriately during the interview.
D. Make the patient as comfortable as possible. Creating a comfortable environment is crucial in fostering open communication and trust, which can lead to a more effective interview process.
E. Use open-ended questions. Open-ended questions encourage the patient to provide more detailed responses and express their feelings or concerns, facilitating a better understanding of their situation.
F. Obtain the patient's medical history from the primary care provider. Although obtaining a comprehensive medical history is important, the initial interview should primarily focus on gathering information directly from the patient, as they can provide valuable insights about their experiences, concerns, and context that might not be captured in previous records.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. is packing belongings in preparation for discharge. Although discharge is an appropriate time for patient education, it may be too late to introduce complex information that requires practice or understanding. Teaching moments often occur earlier in the care process.
B. says, "How will I remember all the things about my new diet?" This is an ideal teaching moment as the patient is expressing concern and showing readiness to learn about the diet. The nurse can use this moment to provide guidance on strategies to remember dietary instructions.
C. has just returned from surgery for a deviated septum. Immediately post-surgery, the patient may be under the influence of anesthesia or pain medication, limiting their ability to absorb information. Teaching at this time may not be effective.
D. has just been told of the malignancy of his tumor. Right after receiving bad news, patients may experience shock, grief, or distress, making it difficult for them to process additional information. This may not be the right time for education.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. interrupting frequently.
Interrupting can make adolescents feel disrespected and unheard, which may hinder effective communication and trust.
B. using active listening.
Active listening is essential in communication, especially with adolescents, as it shows respect and builds rapport. The nurse should not avoid this.
C. offering advice.
Offering unsolicited advice can lead to resistance or defensiveness in adolescents. It’s often better to guide them towards their own conclusions.
D. asking embarrassing questions.
Asking questions perceived as embarrassing may make adolescents uncomfortable, leading to reduced openness and cooperation. It is important to be sensitive and respectful when choosing questions to avoid making them feel awkward or judged.