During the delivery, which fetal position would be considered optimal for a vaginal birth?
Occiput anterior.
Occiput posterior.
Breech.
Transverse.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
The occiput anterior (OA) position is considered the optimal fetal position for vaginal birth. In this position, the baby’s head is down, and the back of the head (occiput) is facing the mother’s front. This position allows for the most efficient passage through the birth canal.
Choice B rationale
The occiput posterior (OP) position, where the baby’s head is down but facing the mother’s back, can lead to a longer and more painful labor. It is not considered optimal for vaginal birth.
Choice C rationale
Breech positions, where the baby’s buttocks or feet are positioned to come out first, are not optimal for vaginal birth and often require a cesarean section due to the increased risk of complications.
Choice D rationale
The transverse position, where the baby is lying sideways across the uterus, is not suitable for vaginal birth. This position typically requires a cesarean section to safely deliver the baby.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing ice chips or mouth swabs can help keep the client comfortable and hydrated, but it is not the priority action when administering pain medication.
Choice B rationale
Assessing and documenting maternal vital signs and fetal heart rate after administering Fentanyl is crucial. This ensures that the medication is not causing any adverse effects on the mother or fetus and that both are stable.
Choice C rationale
Dimming the lights and providing a quiet atmosphere can help create a calming environment, but it is not the priority action when administering pain medication.
Choice D rationale
Assisting the patient with coping skills, including breathing techniques, is important for managing pain, but it is not the priority action when administering pain medication.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Late decelerations are a sign of uteroplacental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia. They occur after the peak of a contraction and indicate that the fetus is not receiving enough oxygen. This requires immediate intervention to improve fetal oxygenation and prevent fetal distress.
Choice B rationale
Variability in fetal heart rate of 12 bpm is considered moderate variability, which is a reassuring sign of fetal well-being. It indicates that the fetus has a healthy autonomic nervous system and is not in distress.
Choice C rationale
Accelerations in fetal heart rate are also a reassuring sign. They indicate that the fetus is well-oxygenated and responding appropriately to stimuli. No intervention is needed for accelerations.
Choice D rationale
A baseline fetal heart rate of 140 bpm is within the normal range (110-160 bpm) and does not indicate any immediate concern. It is a sign of a healthy, well-oxygenated fetus.