During birth, an infant is normally stimulated to breathe by_________________.
surfactant
CO2 accumulating in the infant's blood
prostaglandins
an increased O2 level in the infant's new environment
The Correct Answer is B
A. Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, aiding in lung expansion, but it does not directly stimulate breathing.
B. CO2 accumulating in the infant's blood: The accumulation of CO2 in the infant's blood is a significant stimulus for the first breath after birth. High levels of CO2 trigger the infant's respiratory centers to start breathing.
C. Prostaglandins are involved in labor and delivery but do not directly stimulate breathing in the newborn.
D. An increased O2 level in the infant's new environment: Increased O2 levels do not directly stimulate breathing; rather, the accumulation of CO2 is the primary stimulus.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While in a secondary follicle: The ovum completes meiosis only after fertilization, not while in a secondary follicle.
B. While in a primary follicle: The ovum is arrested in prophase I of meiosis while in a primary follicle. Meiosis is not completed until fertilization.
C. During fertilization: The ovum completes meiosis II during fertilization, which is when the second meiotic division is completed.
D. During implantation: Meiosis is not completed during implantation. It is completed at fertilization.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration: Metabolic water refers to the water produced during metabolic processes within the body. However, most body water intake comes from drinking fluids, not metabolic water.
B. Drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air: While drinking is indeed the main source of water intake, the greatest loss of water from the body is through urine, not cutaneous transpiration and expired air.
C. Drinking; radiation: While drinking is the primary source of water intake, radiation is not a significant way the body loses water.
D. Drinking; urine: Drinking fluids is the main source of water intake, and urine excretion is the primary way the body loses water.