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During an assessment of the cranial nerves, the nurse finds the following: Asymmetry when the client frowns, uneven lifting of the eyebrows, sagging of the lower eyelids, and an escape of air from the right side when the client puffs their cheeks. This would indicate the dysfunction of which of the cranial nerves?

Motor component of IV (Trochlear)

Motor and sensory components of XI (Accessory)

Motor component of VII (Facial)

Motor component of X (Vagus) and sensory component of XII (Hypoglossal)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Motor component of IV (Trochlear): The trochlear nerve primarily controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which is responsible for downward and lateral eye movements. The findings described do not relate to eye movement and therefore do not indicate dysfunction of this nerve.

B) Motor and sensory components of XI (Accessory): The accessory nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, primarily affecting head rotation and shoulder elevation. The symptoms noted in the assessment do not pertain to these muscle functions, so this option is not correct.

C) Motor component of VII (Facial): The signs of asymmetry in frowning, uneven eyebrow lifting, sagging eyelids, and air escaping when puffing the cheeks are characteristic of dysfunction in the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). This nerve controls the muscles of facial expression, and impairment would lead to the described asymmetrical movements.

D) Motor component of X (Vagus) and sensory component of XII (Hypoglossal): The vagus nerve affects autonomic functions and some swallowing muscles, while the hypoglossal nerve controls tongue movements. Neither nerve is primarily responsible for the facial expressions described in the assessment findings, making this option incorrect.

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A. Information sharing is limited to those directly involved in the client's care. B. All members of the units healthcare team may have access to the client's chart. C. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) determines who may communicate with the client. D. The medical records are open to any hospital employee, including administration.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Information sharing is limited to those directly involved in the client's care: This statement reflects the principle of confidentiality and the ethical obligation to protect the client's private health information. Only healthcare providers directly involved in the client’s care should have access to their information, ensuring that it remains secure and confidential.

B) All members of the unit's healthcare team may have access to the client's chart: While many healthcare team members need access to the client's information for care coordination, this statement is misleading. Access should be limited to those directly involved in the client’s care to protect their confidentiality.

C) The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) determines who may communicate with the client: While HIPAA does set guidelines for the protection of health information and governs the sharing of health data, it does not specifically determine who may communicate with the client. Instead, it focuses on protecting their privacy.

D) The medical records are open to any hospital employee, including administration: This statement is incorrect as it violates confidentiality principles. Medical records are not accessible to all hospital employees; access is restricted to authorized personnel only, ensuring that patient information is kept confidential.

A. "Attempt to rotate your head in a circular manner."" B. "Lean your head to the side and attempt to touch your ear to your shoulder." C. "Attempt to raise your shoulders up toward your ears." D. "Tilt your head back and look at the ceiling."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) "Attempt to rotate your head in a circular manner": This instruction is focused on rotation rather than lateral flexion. While rotation assesses different neck movements, it does not specifically evaluate lateral flexion.

B) "Lean your head to the side and attempt to touch your ear to your shoulder": This instruction directly assesses lateral flexion of the neck. It encourages the client to bend their head to the side, effectively demonstrating the range of motion in that direction.

C) "Attempt to raise your shoulders up toward your ears": This instruction assesses shoulder elevation and shrugging rather than lateral flexion of the neck. It does not provide information about the lateral movement of the head.

D) "Tilt your head back and look at the ceiling": This instruction assesses extension of the neck rather than lateral flexion. It evaluates the ability to move the head backward.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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