Cortical nephrons can be distinguished from juxtamedullary nephrons by ____________.
their filtration rate
their location within the renal cortex
the size of their renal corpuscle
whether they drain into a collecting duct or directly into the renal pelvis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Their filtration rate: Both types of nephrons have similar filtration rates; the difference lies primarily in their structure and location.
B. Their location within the renal cortex: Cortical nephrons are located primarily in the renal cortex, while juxtamedullary nephrons are located closer to the medulla and have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla.
C. The size of their renal corpuscle: The renal corpuscle size does not differ significantly between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
D. Whether they drain into a collecting duct or directly into the renal pelvis: All nephrons drain into a collecting duct; none drain directly into the renal pelvis.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Sperm; semen: Sperm is the male gamete, and semen is the fluid that contains sperm, but these are not analogous to the ovary, which is a gonad.
B. Testis; semen: The testis is the male gonad that produces sperm, but semen is the fluid that contains sperm. The analogous structure to the ovary is the testis, but this pairing with semen is not correct.
C. Semen; sperm: Semen is the fluid containing sperm, while sperm is the male gamete. Neither is a gonad, so this pairing is not analogous to the ovary.
D. Testis; sperm: The testis is the male gonad that produces sperm, making it analogous to the ovary, which is the female gonad that produces eggs.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Extracellular fluid (ECF) includes all the fluid outside of cells, such as interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and lymph. However, the majority of body water is found inside the cells.
B. Blood plasma and lymph are components of the extracellular fluid. Although they contain water, they do not hold the greatest volume compared to intracellular fluid.
C. Intracellular fluid (ICF) refers to the fluid within the cells, and it constitutes the largest volume of water in the body.
D. Tissue (interstitial) fluid is part of the extracellular fluid found between cells. While it contains a significant amount of water, it does not account for the greatest volume in the body.