Carbohydrate digestion begins in the____________ whereas protein digestion begins in the ___________.
liver; small intestine
mouth; stomach
small intestine; stomach
mouth; small intestine
The Correct Answer is B
A. Liver; small intestine: Carbohydrate and protein digestion do not begin in the liver or the small intestine. The liver is involved in metabolism but not in the initial digestion of carbohydrates or proteins.
B. Mouth; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase, while protein digestion begins in the stomach with pepsin.
C. Small intestine; stomach: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and not the small intestine. Protein digestion starts in the stomach, not the small intestine.
D. Mouth; small intestine: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, but protein digestion begins in the stomach, not the small intestine.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus: The ductus venosus bypasses the liver, not the lungs. The ductus arteriosus does allow blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. However, this option is not entirely correct since the ductus venosus is not involved in bypassing the lungs.
B. Foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus: The foramen ovale allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs. The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, also bypassing the lungs.
C. Fossa ovalis and umbilical arteries and vein: The fossa ovalis is a remnant of the foramen ovale in adults and does not function in fetal circulation. The umbilical arteries and vein are involved in exchanging oxygenated and deoxygenated blood between the fetus and placenta, not bypassing the lungs.
D. Ligamentum venosum and ligamentum arteriosum: These are the adult remnants of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus, respectively. They do not play a role in fetal circulat
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins: Sodium and potassium are micronutrients, not macronutrients.
B. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water: Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are macronutrients, but water is not classified as a macronutrient. This option is partially correct but includes water, which is not a macronutrient.
C. Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins: Nucleic acids are not classified as macronutrients; carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are.
D. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, but not water: Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are macronutrients, and excluding water is correct since water is not a macronutrient.