An older adult client with hypertension has recently been prescribed a beta-adrenergic blocker and a thiazide diuretic. When educating the client about preventing and managing adverse effects, the nurse will provide which instruction?
"Change positions slowly to prevent lightheadedness or dizziness."
"Reduce your fluid intake initially, to prevent excessive urination."
"Identify and eliminate any high-potassium foods from your diet."
"Expect your blood pressure to increase for several days before it begins to decrease."
The Correct Answer is A
A. Changing positions slowly is critical for older adults taking beta-adrenergic blockers and diuretics to prevent orthostatic hypotension, which can lead to lightheadedness or dizziness.
B. Reducing fluid intake is not advisable, as thiazide diuretics can lead to dehydration, and maintaining adequate fluid intake is essential for overall health and to avoid excessive urinary output.
C. Identifying and eliminating high-potassium foods is unnecessary unless there is a specific indication of hyperkalemia, particularly since thiazide diuretics do not typically cause potassium retention, and beta-blockers are not potassium-specific.
D. Expecting blood pressure to increase before it decreases is misleading; clients should see a gradual reduction in blood pressure with proper medication adherence, and any sudden increases should be reported.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
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B. Metoclopramide primarily enhances gastrointestinal motility, which helps to facilitate gastric emptying and is especially useful in treating conditions like gastroparesis.
C. Metoclopramide does not specifically relieve abdominal pain; it focuses more on motility and nausea.
D. Although metoclopramide does have antiemetic properties, it primarily acts as a dopamine receptor antagonist rather than directly inhibiting serotonin.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Wearing protective equipment such as gloves, mask, and gown is essential when preparing cytotoxic drugs to protect the nurse from potential exposure to harmful substances.
B. While washing hands is important for general hygiene, it does not specifically protect against cytotoxic drug exposure.
C. Mixing medication in a 1-L bag does not offer specific protection to the nurse and is not a standard measure for safety.
D. Administering medication intramuscularly (IM) is a route of administration and does not relate to protection measures while preparing cytotoxic drugs.