An infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with heart failure due to a congenital heart defect. What assessment finding would the nurse expect with this diagnosis?
Polyuria
Difficulty feeding
Bradycardia
Bradypnea
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Polyuria is not commonly associated with heart failure in infants; they are more likely to have oliguria or reduced urine output.
B. Difficulty feeding is a common sign of heart failure in infants because the increased work of breathing and poor cardiac output make it hard for them to feed effectively.
C. Bradycardia is not typically associated with heart failure; tachycardia is more common as the heart tries to compensate for decreased cardiac output.
D. Bradypnea is uncommon in heart failure; tachypnea is a more likely symptom due to fluid overload and poor oxygenation.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Passing tar-like stools is normal for newborns within the first few days of life and does not indicate Hirschsprung disease.
B. Limited stooling and poor weight gain may suggest feeding issues but are not as indicative of Hirschsprung disease as the absence of stool.
C. The absence of stool (failure to pass meconium within 24-48 hours) is a classic sign of Hirschsprung disease, a condition where the absence of ganglion cells in the intestines leads to a blockage.
D. Passing hard, pellet-like stools may indicate constipation but is not specific to Hirschsprung disease, especially in a newborn.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Tender inguinal lymph nodes are not associated with celiac disease and are more indicative of localized infections or lymphadenopathy.
B. An enlarged liver is not typically related to celiac disease but may occur in other conditions such as fatty liver disease.
C. A protuberant abdomen is a common finding in children with celiac disease due to malabsorption and gas accumulation in the intestines. This is often accompanied by abdominal distension and discomfort.
D. Periorbital edema is not characteristic of celiac disease and is more commonly seen in conditions like nephrotic syndrome.