An experienced medical-surgical nurse chooses to work in obstetrics. Which level of proficiency is the nurse upon initial transition to the obstetrical floor?
Competent
Proficient
Novice
Advanced beginner
The Correct Answer is C
A. Competent nurses have typically worked in a specific area for 2-3 years, developing an understanding of patient care specific to that field.
B. Proficient nurses have advanced understanding and experience, allowing them to see care situations as whole parts rather than in separate steps.
C. In a new specialty area, the nurse is considered a novice, as they lack experience and expertise in obstetrics despite previous nursing experience.
D. Advanced beginners have some experience but still need support; however, this would apply only if the nurse had some previous obstetric experience.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "Risk for infection related to chest x-ray procedure" is not an appropriate diagnosis because a chest x-ray is a diagnostic tool, and pneumonia itself is the concern for infection.
B. "Impaired gas exchange related to alveolar-capillary membrane changes" is correct as pneumonia causes inflammation and consolidation in the lungs, which directly impacts gas exchange.
C. "Risk for deficient fluid volume related to dehydration" does not apply specifically to pneumonia unless the patient presents signs of dehydration, which is not indicated in the scenario.
D. "Ineffective breathing pattern related to pneumonia" could also be a valid diagnosis, but the primary concern given the information provided is gas exchange impairment.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Blood flow starts from the right atrium, moves into the right ventricle, then to the lungs, where it is oxygenated and returns to the left atrium, and then flows into the left ventricle before being pumped into the aorta.
B. This sequence incorrectly places the left atrium before the right ventricle, which is not the correct flow of blood.
C. This sequence starts incorrectly with the right ventricle, skipping the left atrium entirely after blood is oxygenated.
D. This option also incorrectly starts with the right ventricle and does not include the proper sequence of blood flow.