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An assistive personnel (AP) reports a client's vital signs as tympanic temperature 37.1° C (98.8° F), pulse 42/min, respiratory rate 14/min, and BP 98/77 mm Hg. Which vital sign should the nurse re-measure?

A.

Temperature

B.

Respirations

C.

Blood pressure

D.

Heart rate

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. The tympanic temperature of 37.1° C (98.8° F) is within normal limits and does not require re-measurement.  

 

B. The respiratory rate of 14/min is also within the normal range (12-20 breaths per minute).  

 

C. The blood pressure of 98/77 mm Hg is not alarmingly low and does not require immediate re-measurement.  

 

D. A pulse rate of 42/min indicates bradycardia (normal resting heart rate is typically between


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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Vitamin D deficiency is a modifiable risk factor because it can be addressed through dietary changes, supplements, and increased sun exposure.

B. A small-boned, thin frame is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor as it is a genetic characteristic that cannot be changed.

C. A personal history of fractures is also a nonmodifiable risk factor, as past fractures indicate an increased risk for future fractures and cannot be altered.

D. Age is a nonmodifiable risk factor, as it is an intrinsic characteristic that cannot be changed.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The severity of the condition may correlate with pain but is not a direct measure of the individual's pain experience.

B. Vital signs can change due to pain but are not specific indicators of pain intensity or presence.

C. Nonverbal behavior can provide clues about pain but is subjective and can vary greatly between individuals.

D. Self-rating of pain is considered the most reliable indicator of pain because it reflects the individual's personal experience and perception of their pain, making it the gold standard for assessing pain intensity.

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